I92 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 
4. Gathering and burning brushwood on felling areas. 
5. Cutting and bundling birch twigs. 
6. Cutting and bundling hazel rods. 
7. Cutting, bundling, and peeling willows. 
8. Seed collection. 
9. Barking and stacking pit props. 
10. Nursery work : 
(a) Seed cleaning and preparation for sowing. 
(b) Weeding and hoeing. 
(c) Lining out. 
(d) Lifting and sizing plants. 
In addition to the above, other departments of estate work of a light nature 
would be suitable, and under present circumstances might otherwise be neglected, 
such as the keeping in order of drives, walks, paths, borders, lawns, parks, and 
policies. There should also be suitable work in the gardens of places with 
small or depleted staffs. — A. D. W. 
Eucalyptus for English Gardens. By E. A. Bowles (Garden, Oct. 9, 1915, 
p. 496). — Several species are worth a trial. E. viminalis, 20 feet high, rising 
out of a group of hardy Palm, backed by Oak and Pine, looks like a column 
of blue smoke. The Brightlingsea form of E. Gunnii appears to be as hardy 
as any. E. pulverulenta is the bluest that is sufficiently hardy to stand our 
winters. E. cordata comes next in blueness and may survive when E. pulveru- 
lenta is killed. When too tall for staking, cutting out the heavy tops in autumn 
is recommended. The cuttings are wonderfully graceful for large vases in the 
house. 
The following are recommended : — 
Hardiest. — E. Gunnii, E. coccifera, E. Stuartiana, E. cordata, and E. urnigera. 
Bluest. — E. pulverulenta, E. cordata, E. viminalis, and E. coccifera. 
Deep green, leathery leaves. — E. obliqua, E. coriacea, E. robusta. 
Pale green. — E. resinifera. 
E. Globulus, the most generally known, is less hardy than any of these except 
E. viminalis. 
E. Beauchampiana made a fine specimen, 15 feet high. E. ficifolia is the 
most gorgeous when in flower; but it will not stand any frost. — H. R. D. 
Eucalyptus for English Gardens. By W. A. Battersby (Garden, Dec. 4, 
1915, p. 588). — There is a tendency in the spring to throw out blue, rounded 
leaves, which change as the summer goes on, especially in young trees, into 
sickle-shaped and harder leaves. The tree grows more in September, if the 
weather is favourable, than in any other month in the year. Round leaves will 
appear each spring-time on an old tree quite high up. A tree of E. Globulus 
that had its head blown off in the previous autumn has round leaves with few 
sickle-shaped, while another of the same variety growing 2 yards away had 
from its earliest growth few round leaves. Mr. E. A. Bowles (ib. p. 589) points 
out that the mature often sickle-shaped leaves are produced from flowering 
branches, while the juvenile or miniature forms with rounded leaves come from 
unflowering shoots. The bluer and rounder leaves of E. Globulus are so much 
more beautiful than the dull-coloured sickle-shaped ones that where several 
trees are grown it is worth while to prune one back every spring, so as to obtain 
the blue leaves in abundance. — H. R. D. 
Evaporation of Water from Soil. By B. A. Keen (Jour. Agr. Set. vi. pp. 456- 
475, Dec. 1914). — The author found that the rate of evaporation from soil 
differs from that found in sand, silt, china clay, and ignited soil. This difference 
is not due to the organic matter contained in the soil, but probably to the 
colloidal properties of the clay. The curves given show that the relationship 
of water to sod is quite different from that to sand ; but there is also some other 
factor at work, probably the effect of the decreasing water surface in the soil 
as evaporation goes on. — F. J. C. 
Fly Larvae in Horse Manure, Experiments in the Destruction of. By F. C. 
Co: J£, R. h. Hutchison, and F. M. Scales (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 118, 
July 1 91 4 ; 4 plates). — Ihe recognition of the fly as a disease-carrier has created 
a wide-spread demand for some means of destroying it, and investigations have 
been undertaken to discover a chemical which would destroy the pest in its 
principal breeding-place without inj uring the bacteria or reducing the fertilizing 
value of the manure. By far the most satisfactory substance experimented 
