230 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
and is a halfway house between the " Herbal " of Gerard (1597) and 
the " Flora " of John Re a (1665). It is profusely illustrated. 
As may be gleaned from the letterpress, some of the plants illustrated 
are species, some wild hybrids, and some garden hybrids. The species 
and wild hybrids have probably remained much as they were in the 
time of Parkinson. The wild forms collected within the last three 
years in the Pyrenees by Sir Arthur Hort can pretty well be matched 
in the pages of the " Paradisus," where some of them might almost 
have served as his originals. Special mention must be made of one 
very strange-looking species, N. cyclamineus, which undoubtedly existed 
in Parkinson's time although he does not figure it, and although the 
learned Dean Herbert, in his famous book on the Amaryllidaceae, 
said the figure of this variety in the " Theatrum Florae " (1622) was 
an " absurdity, which will never be found to exist." Events have 
proved this surmise to be incorrect, for after being lost to cultivation 
for nearly three hundred years cyclamineus was rediscovered in 
Portugal in the year of the first Jubilee of Queen Victoria, just as if 
the little fellow would not be behind in his shouts of joy for the great 
good Queen, 
Parkinson died before the year 1656. 
From this time until we come to the end of the first quarter of the 
nineteenth century the Daffodil never seems to have " caught on " 
in English gardens. It is true that between the years 1740 to 1760 
and thereabouts bunch-flowered varieties (our Polyanthus Narcissi or 
Tazettas, like ' Soleil d'Or ' and ' Paper White ') were taken in hand 
by the Dutch and many new seedlings were raised and put into com- 
merce under the head of Oriental Narcissus or Polyanthos Narcissus. 
One doubts if they can ever have been very popular for out-of-door 
cultivation, for Justice, in " The British Gardener's Director," gives so 
many and such minute instructions about their management that we 
may well suppose that only those with an infinite capacity of taking 
pains would attempt to grow them. They were, however, in demand 
for growing in pots in soil and in glasses in water. In 1788 the firm of 
Voorhelm-Schneevoogt offered to the public no fewer than 155 
kinds, not one of which was priced at more than one and eightpence a 
bulb. Some of those which appeared in this list are with us still, e.g. 
' Etoile d'Or/ ' Grand Soleil d'Or/ ' Bazelman major,' and ' Bazelman 
minor/ A very great change which has taken place in this type is the 
introduction of the Poetaz varieties by the firm of Van der Schoot 
about twenty years ago. 
In all the other sections, although it must have been known that 
many of the Narcissus family were free seeders, no attempt to get 
fresh varieties by raising seedlings seems to have been made, except, as 
before stated, by the Dutch with the Tazettas. Cross-fertilization was 
unknown or unpractised, and doubtless if any seed was collected and 
sown the results would have been very disappointing and not worth 
the long five years' wait without which no one can look for results. 
It remained for Dean Herbert (c. 1830) to be attracted by certain 
