BORDER CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
285 
of garden soil and in almost any position, and if this is not too moist 
will live through the winter and go on blooming year after year, but 
such treatment I do not recommend, as it is not conducive to the 
best results. Planted in fairly large clumps in the herbaceous border 
they are quite at home, and, providing due consideration is given 
to the selection of varieties, they add greatly to the charm of the 
border during the late summer and autumn. 
Planted in beds of fair size — either one variety or two or three 
selected for their height and colour — if the beds are on a fairly 
expansive lawn they make a brave show, and under such conditions 
are perhaps seen at their best. It is not necessary to grow them in 
such beds all the summer, but they may be removed thence just 
previous to flowering. 
In or around the edges of open or newly-planted shrubberies 
they can be utilized with much effect, and it is in such positions that 
the stools may be left a year or two, and I have known instances 
where the ' Masse ' family have done much better, treated in this way, 
though, generally speaking, young plants put in each season produce 
by far the best results. 
Grown in large tubs, pots, or boxes they make exceedingly good 
decorative subjects and add considerable colour to the terrace or 
verandah during September and October, varieties that are of suitable 
habit and colour for the purpose in view being selected. 
For cutting purposes they are best cultivated in a border or in 
beds in the kitchen garden, where their wants can be properly attended 
to, and, though without any protection whatever, good results are 
obtained. A little provision for protecting the flowers in case 
of early frost or prolonged moisture during the opening stages is 
amply repaid. 
As a market subject the border or early-flowering Chrysanthemum 
is extremely popular, and its cultivation is carried out on a very 
extensive scale. As direct evidence of this one has only to visit one 
of the large markets any morning during the season, and anyone not 
familiar with the subject would indeed wonder where such enormous 
quantities of flowers came from. On the other hand, if one were to see 
the nurseries of such growers as Ladds of Swanley, Mizen of Mitcham, 
Cragg, Harrison, and Cragg of Heston, Lowe and Shawyer of 
Uxbridge, or many others that might be mentioned, the wonder would 
be even greater and the question would immediately be asked, 
" Wherever do such quantities of flowers go to ? " The growers, 
however, are only catering for the public demand, and rarely is the 
supply greater than the demand. Even if there is a glut it is usually 
of the lower grades, and not the better class of disbudded blooms. 
I have already mentioned how well they are cultivated by the 
growers for market ; growing them as they do in such huge" quanti- 
ties, they become acquainted with the exact requirements of each 
variety and treat them accordingly. In comparison with the quantity 
of plants the number of varieties grown is small, and it is indeed 
