PARADISE APPLE STOCKS. 
365 
5. Two which were identical with one another, but which were 
neither ' English ' nor ' French, ' received from Mr. Scott of Taunton. 
These are evidently the ' Scott's Paradise ' mentioned in the Gardeners 
Chronicle, 1874. 
6. English Paradise, True. 
7. Doucin — identical from an English and French source. 
8. Dutch Paradise (from Haarlem). 
9. Pommier Franc or Free Stock. 
10. Crab. 
In all, Mr. Barron received eighteen collections. 
Thus he names eight Paradise types. His list indicates that there 
is some confusion in nomenclature, but he does not describe the cha- 
racters of the various types. The article proceeds to tell us that eighteen 
trees — representing stocks from the eighteen collections — were grafted 
with 'Blenheim Orange.' Then follows a "Table showing the 
Number of Flowers produced in each Year from 1878 to 1882 on the 
Different Stocks." The Doucin and the French produced the greatest 
number of flowers. The French, relatively to the size of the tree, had 
more flowers ; the Doucin was more vigorous. The French showed 
signs of canker, and together with the Miniature and Pigmy was weaker 
in growth ; though all the trees were " vigorous bush trees 10 to 15 feet 
high, growing in a natural manner." The tree on the Free stock had 
no blossom. These seem to be the main conclusions of the trial. 
Unfortunately we do not know what all the actual stocks were, and we 
have no means of identifying them with those at present in use. 
Moreover, the trial was on such a limited scale as to make the results of 
little value. However, it is interesting to note that trials were made 
experimentally. 
Work was also being carried out by nurserymen, especially in the 
direction of making collections of Continental forms of Paradise and 
of raising new surface-rooting seedlings. Foremost amongst these 
workers * was the late Mr. Thomas Rivers. In 1870 he wrote : " I have 
at this moment a full collection of all the Paradise stocks known in 
Europe." f He then proceeds to enumerate briefly what the collec- 
tion comprised, in all " 14 kinds of Paradise stocks." This collection 
must have been very interesting and valuable, for it seems to have 
possessed several types of Paradise which are completely lost to-day, 
and of which there is no detailed description. 
Much more recently Dr. U. P. Hedrick, of the New York Experi- 
ment Station, carried out some experiments with Dwarfing Apple 
stocks, and he compiled from European books brief notes on the 
" six stocks . . . most commonly used in the Old World in dwarfing 
Apples" ; J but these descriptions are in too general terms to form 
any useful clues to actual identification. Moreover, the conditions 
* The names of the late Mr. J. Scott of Taunton and the late Mr. Pearson 
of Nottingham also appear in this connexion. 
t The Miniature Fruit Garden, T. Rivers, 16th edition, p. 74. 
% See Dwarf Apples, by U. P. Hedrick, US, A. Experiment Station, New 
York, Bulletin 406. 
