PARADISE APPLE STOCKS. 
39 1 
develops along totally different lines, and, except for some similarity 
to Type VII., it stands out quite by itself in its subsequent development. 
It is scantily furnished with adventitious roots from the start, it is 
noticeably lacking in young fibre later. Type III. retains its very 
fibrous habit and somewhat less coarse development than Types I. and 
VI. Type IV. again maintains its characteristic weak roots which 
spread horizontally from the heel. Type V. (the Doucin Ameliore) , 
which in the first dry season seemed to show considerable promise 
of vigour, was perhaps more noticeable for the length of some of its 
adventitious roots than for the abundance of them. They were never 
so numerous or well developed as on Types I., III., and VI. This 
characteristic seems to persist in the somewhat long bare lateral roots 
of downward tendency whilst the type retains its habit of adventitious 
rooting particularly around the stem. Type VII., which did not show 
an early tendency to throw a large amount of vigorous fibre, though 
scarcely as shy rooting as Type II., has developed along somewhat 
similar lines to the Doucin. As might be expected, its lateral roots are 
not quite so coarse. The lack of early vigour in Types VIII. and IX. 
seems reflected in the subsequent root systems which have developed 
with a general lack of sturdiness. The maturing root systems of the 
types are shown in figs, go to 106. 
The most outstanding feature of all is undoubtedly the development 
of Type II. (Doucin) in comparison with the other types. The strength 
and coarseness of the lateral roots, together with the very apparent 
lack of root fibre, place it quite apart from the fibrous types. A large 
number of Doucin stocks at East Mailing three and four years of age 
have been raised for root examination, and there is an extraordinarily 
close similarity in root development throughout. I have also lifted 
three-year-old Doucin stocks on my own heavier soil, and these have 
entirely confirmed data obtained at East Mailing. The Doucin appears 
to be even less fibrous than many of the so-called " Free " stocks 
that were growing in the same ground, and thus they are indeed far 
removed from the general idea of ' Paradise. ' In this connexion 
it is well to remember that the older writers generally wrote of ' Para- 
dise 1 and ' Doucin ' as distinct things ; Lindley says that the 
' Doucin ' " is most generally, in our nurseries, called the Paradise 
stock, although widely different from the Pomme Paradis of the 
French." It is also interesting to recall what Du Monceau said of 
the Doucin : — " Lorsque le terrain plait au Doucin, ils deviennent 
presqu'aussi forts que sur le franc. " In the measurements of the height 
and girth of the four-year-old cordons at East Mailing the average 
height of the Doucin exceeded that of any other type, as is indicated 
in Table VI. It was also second only in girth to Rivers' Nonsuch 
(Type VI.). On my own soil, Doucin stocks that have been allowed to 
grow at will have in two years made over six feet of strong growth. 
The series of photographs illustrating what appears to be 
a really typical development of the ' Paradise ' varieties on a light 
soil, conveys more than is possible through any description. They 
