394 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
until we have ascertained the relative value, upon varied soils, of the predomi- 
nance of coarse root or the abundance of fibre, it is impossible to pass judgment. 
It has already been noted that the Doucin is frequently mixed with other 
types. 
Type III. — (Name at present unknown.) 
Type III. presents a most striking instance of the need for investigation. 
Though this type has been very frequently found at East Mailing, it has never 
reached us as a named type but always mixed with other types. It is perhaps 
the most easy to identify, except in respect of its name and origin. 
The growth, though strong and vigorous, is of a very whippy nature, whilst 
long drooping lateral branches are very characteristic on the stronger shoots. 
The leaves are usually on the small side, compared with Types Land II., and their 
whole character is unmistakable. They are long and very gradually pointed, 
whilst their margin is somewhat ragged and more deeply serrated. The leaf is 
held rather erect with a curved tip. It is thin and harsh to the touch, and, 
viewed as a whole, gives the impression of a holly leaf. 
The wood is of a very dark purple-brown with few lenticels which are not 
conspicuous. There is a quantity of short grey hair on the wood in winter. This 
type is very free-rooting. Adventitious roots are frequently seen even on the 
surface of the ground and the young stocks soon become " knotted " on their 
stem. Fig. 69 shows this very well. The type unfortunately seems to possess 
the habit of " suckering " badly. The four-year-old root system shows much 
vigorous fibre, but the lateral roots are not as coarse as on Types I. or II., and they 
have a very decided downward tendency in growth. It is curious that this 
type should be so generally in circulation amongst other types from which it is 
remarkably distinct. 
In the nursery rows it seems liable to both Black Spot and Apple Mildew. 
Type IV. — (Name at present unknown.) 
Though we did not receive this type from many English sources, yet we 
received it from Dutch and German ones also, and there is some evidence to 
show that it was once more widely distributed.* Both its dwarf habit of 
growth and its rooting vigour would lead one to suppose that its influence on the 
scion would be far more dwarfing than any of the other Paradise of to-day, except 
possibly Types VIII. or IX. 
Its strongest annual shoots barely reach i£ foot, though they are stiff and 
fairby sturdy. It is most readily recognized by the light yellow-brown wood. 
The leaves, too, are distinctive. They are a lighter green than Types I., II., or 
III., and they approach the circular form. They are very crinkled and often 
slightly upturned. They are soft and fleshy to the touch, and each year we have 
had to note considerable insect damage to the leaves. A long leaf -stalk gives 
a characteristic pose to the leaves. 
In winter the yellow wood colour is almost sufficient clue to identification. 
In some of his earliest descriptions Mr. Wellington described the wood as '* un- 
kindly-looking " ; in this connexion it may be interesting to quote from the 
letter of a nurseryman which I have only recently received : " There was one 
which had a yellow skin, an excellent stock, but it had to be grafted, as buds never 
lived." We have not yet been able to test our " yellow -skinned "stock in this 
direction. 
This type is about three weeks earlier in commencing growth than the other 
types — Type VIII. being excepted . The one-year layers nearly all root, though 
not very freely. The adventitious roots are mainly at the base of the shoot and 
on the two-year wood. The four-year-old roots showed plenty of fibre, but 
the coarse lateral roots were noticeably shallow in the soil, usually being not 
more than four or five inches deep. One would imagine that for certain purposes 
this stock might prove an effective dwarf, 
Type V. — Doucin Ameliore. 
With the exception of the true Doucin, this type appears to be in most general 
circulation, in this country and abroad, and it occurs very commonly mixed with 
other types. 
* One English source from which it was received unmixed furnished informa- 
tion to the effect that they " selected it between fifty and sixty years ago." Is it 
possible that this may be the Dutch Paradise ? It formed the bulk of the Dutch 
collection. It is also interesting to recall that the article in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 
1874, already quoted, described the Dutch Paradise as having " olive -coloured " 
wood and being in full leaf much earlier than other types. 
