PARADISE APPLE STOCKS. 
395 
Though its name implies that it is a selected strain of Doucin, it bears little 
resemblance to Type II. except in its somewhat erect growth and in the pose of 
the leaf. 
In general habit the Doucin Ameliore shows moderate strength in height 
and sturdiness. The annual shoots do not grow so tall as Types I., II., or III., 
but they are taller than Type IV. They are very even in growth and somewhat 
erect ; the annual number of shoots is numerous, and they are not very much 
spined or feathered. The leaves are usually much smaller than those of the 
true Doucin, from which they are very easily recognizable by their peculiarly 
pointed apex. The leaf -stalk tends to be short, and the stipules are very insig- 
nificant. 
The wood is of a reddish purple with a bright appearance, and is noticeable 
also for the very few conspicuous lenticels. In winter the very reddish, almost 
hairless, buds afford a good means to identification. 
The Doucin Ameliore roots much more easily from layers than does the true 
Doucin, though it is perhaps not so vigorous in this respect as either Type I. 
or III. The four-year-old roots seem to show a somewhat curious mixture of 
rather bare deep-rooting laterals, together with much fibre immediately around 
the stem of the stock. 
One would suppose this might be a stock with intermediate dwarfing habit. 
Type VI. — Nonsuch,] 
This is another type of the selected seedling, which, like the True Broad- leaf, 
was introduced by the late Mr. Rivers. Though these two types are frequently 
found mixed to-day, they are easily distinguishable. 
The Nonsuch is exceptionally stout of growth, though the annual shoots, 
which are fairly numerous, do not attain to the height of Broad -leaf . Sometimes 
it is very much spined, sometimes rather branched. The leaves are usually 
large,* but of a much lighter green than Type I. ; they are longer in relation to 
their breadth, and they are not so abruptly pointed. The very drooping pose is 
most characteristic. The furrow is well marked on the leaf-stalk and the stipules 
are Very large. Nonsuch is very late in shedding its leaves, and, especially 
towards the tip of the shoot, they remain long after the other types are bare. 
The yellow green wood colour, which gives a somewhat " unripe " look, is a 
very distinct feature. There are numerous inconspicuous lenticels. The 
pubescence on the wood gives a distinctive " mealy " appearance on the shoot. 
The young wood shows more " fruit-buds " than Type I. 
Type VI. is perhaps the most ready to root adventitiously. Its mature root- 
system is somewhat similar to that of Type I., showing plenty of root- fibre side 
by side with the coarse lateral roots. As a stock it is reputed to be more pre- 
cocious than the Broad-leaf, a fact which needs verifying. It seems question- 
able whether it is quite so hardy, for during the early winter of this year (191 6) 
frequent large cracks were noticeable on the young shoots owing to a splitting 
of the bark. This may be due to the fact that since it is late in leaf fall, the early 
sharp frosts caused this damage, which was also very noticeable upon some free 
stocks that retained their leaves a long while. In any case the splitting quite 
spoilt many of the layers for working purposes. This phenomenon has not been 
noticeable in other seasons, nor was it generally seen this season on any of the 
other Paradise types. 
Type VII. — (Name at present unknown.) 
Type VII., rather like Type IV., has evidently long been known in our English 
nurseries, though it appears to be little used to-day. From one source I learn 
that it was obtained from France some twenty-seven years ago, and from another 
that it has long been in the nurseries, where it was always known as the true 
' English Paradise.' At the moment there are not sufficient data to warrant a 
revival of this old discussion, though it may be worth noting that there is a very 
superficial resemblance in the wood character of this type and the Doucin (now 
called ' English Paradise') caused by the conspicuous and numerous lenticels. 
The resemblance goes no further. Type VII. is very tall in growth, but 
the shoots are whippy or flexible. The annual shoots are numerous and fairly 
even in growth. The leaves are medium to large in size, and though slightly 
variable in shape they tend to be circular. Sometimes the leaf is almost tri- 
lobed.f The leaf -stalk is long and very erect, giving a characteristic pose to the 
* There is more variation shown in this type as to leaf-size than in other 
types. 
f This characteristic is well illustrated in Figure 88 Type VII., showing the 
upper surface of leaf. 
