510 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Prunes and Cherries, Brown Rot of. By Chas. Brooks and D. F. Fisher 
(U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind., Bull. 368, March 1916, pp. 1-10 ; 3 plates). — 
For several years the growers of lower Columbia and Willamette Valleys have had 
severe losses of the prune and cherry crops. The blossoms and fruits became 
blighted, and numerous masses of spores of Sclevotinia cinerea (Bon.) Wor. were 
observed. Later, apothecia were developed, which persisted for many months 
upon the dried fruit and blossoms, and these caused infection to take place the 
following spring. 
As a result of several years' experience, the authors suggest that for prunes 
the following schedule of spraying be followed. The solutions recommended 
are self-boiled lime-sulphur or Bordeaux mixture. 
1. The first application just before the blossoms open. 
2. The second application just after the petals have fallen. 
3. The third application three or four weeks after. 
4. The fourth application about four weeks before harvesting. 
While the work on cherries has not been carried out as fully as that for prunes, 
it seems probable that a treatment for cherries similar to that for prunes would 
give satisfactory control of both the blossom infection and the later brown-rot 
attacks on the fruit. — A. B. 
Pruning. By W. M. Atwood, E. J. Kraus, C. I. Lewis, and V. R, Gardner 
(U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Oregon, Bull. 130, May 1915 ; figs.) — This gives a clear and 
well-illustrated account of the pruning of young trees and bearing trees in the 
orchard, together with the reasons for pruning. The modes of regulating the 
shape of young trees are particularly well dealt with. — F. /, C. 
Prunus Maximowiczii (Bot. Mag. t. 8641). — North-Eastern Asia. Nat. Ord. 
Rosaceae, tribe Pruneae. Tree, 30 feet high. Leaves ovate, 4 inches long. 
Racemes corymbose, 1-2 inches wide, 5-8 -flowered. Bracts conspicuous, 
f inch long. Flowers f inch wide, white. Fruit globose, £ inch wide, at first 
red, then black. — G. H. 
Pumpkin Seed, Pure Strains of. By C. T. Musson (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. vol. 
xxvi. pp. 851-861 ; 2 figs.). — It is a moot point whether two-year-old pumpkin 
seed gives better results than new seed. To improve the strain of seed, sow iron- 
bark pumpkin seed. When the female flowers appear, cover the flowers of 
selected plants with paper bags to keep off bees and other insects. When the 
flowers open, fertilize them with the pollen from other plants and replace the bags. 
In fourteen days the bags may be removed. Save this seed and also some from 
selected naturally- fertilized plants. In the following year sow both kinds of 
seed. Again fertilize as in the previous year and save both kinds of seed. In 
the third year sow the two lands of seed and also seed saved from the first year, 
and compare the results. — S. E. W. 
Pyracanthas, Two New. By A. Bruce Jackson (Gard. Chron. Dec. 30, 1916, 
p. 309 ; with 3 figs, and Latin diagnoses). — Both are from W. China, one is 
described as a variety Rogersiana of P. crenulata, the other as a distinct species, 
P. Gibbsii. Both are hardier than the older plant, and ornamental in flower and 
berry.— E. A. B. 
Radium Effects on Vegetation. By D. Bois and G. T. Grignan (Rev. Hort. 
Oct. 16, 1915). — Refer to the experiments of Mr. Sutton in this direction, which 
gave generally unfavourable results. — C. T. D. 
Raspberries, Marketing. By H. J. Ramsey (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Bull. 274, 
37 pp. ; 26 figs.). — Deals with marketing problems, picking, packing, precoohng, 
and refrigerating. — E. A. Bd. 
Raspberry, Breeding. By R. D. Anthony and U. P. Hedrick (U.S.A. Exp. 
Stn., Geneva, 14 pp. ; 8 plates) .—Work undertaken to settle the question of the 
hybrid origin of the purple Raspberry (Peck's Rubus neglectus). The results 
convince the authors that it is undoubtedly a hybrid of the Black Cap and Red 
Raspberry. Rubus odoratus and the Herbert Raspberry gave fertile seedlings 
of strong growth. Several curious abnormalities appeared, which are described. 
A very interesting step in an experiment of much promise. — E. A. Bd. 
Rhododendron carneum (Bot. Mag. t. 8634).— Upper Burma. Nat. Ord 
Ericaceae, tribe Rhodoreae. Shrub, 3 feet high. Leaves, 4 inches long, i?mcn 
wide. Corolla flesh-coloured, lobes spreading, 3 inches across. G. H. 
