NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 
517 
solution of ammonia is necessary to check the mildew, but at this concentration 
the leaf tissue is seriously injured. (4) A 0*3 per cent, of liver of sulphur (con- 
taining 0*13 per cent, of sulphide sulphur), which is the strength usually recom- 
mended, is quite ineffective, but a o-8 solution containing 0-34 per cent, of sulphide 
sulphur is almost completely fungicidal. Concentrations beyond 0*3 per cent., 
however, cause serious scorching of gooseberry leaves. (5) Yellow ammonium 
sulphide containing 0-13 per cent, of sulphide sulphur and 1 per cent, of soft 
soap was completely fungicidal and caused no injury to the leaf tissue. (6) 
Colourless ammonium sulphide and ammonium hydrosulphide, each containing 
sulphide sulphur in excess of the preceding, had little or no fungicidal effect. 
(7) A lime-sulphur solution having a sp. gr. of i*oi and containing 0*25 per cent, 
of saponin (soft soap cannot be used with lime-sulphur) was completely fungi- 
cidal. (8) A o-6 per cent, solution of iron sulphide containing 0*5 per cent, of 
soft soap was invariably fungicidal and caused no injury to the leaf tissue. 
The failure of the alkaline fluids, containing sulphur only in the sulphide form, 
appears to point to the polysulphides as being the active fungicidal agents, 
and it is probable that their effect is a result of the deposition of finely divided 
sulphur. Detailed directions are given for the preparation of the solution of 
yellow ammonium sulphide with soft soap, of lime-sulphur with saponin, and of 
iron sulphide with soft soap. — /. E. W. E. H. 
Spray-fluids, their Application to Dormant Trees. By A. H. Lees [Ann. 
Rep. Agr. Res. Stn., Long Ashton, 1915, p. 81). — Experiments were made to 
ascertain the temperature at which water would need to be applied in winter 
in order to kill the eggs of insects, and 70 °C. (i58°F.) was found to kill some ; 
but, owing to the great reduction in temperature when a liquid is applied as a 
fine spray, that temperature at application time was found impracticable of 
attainment, and the idea of hot water spraying for the purpose of killing insect 
eggs was abandoned. Soap and nitrobenzene ; soap, nitrobenzene, and paraffin ; 
soap and sodium carbonate, and soap and sodium sulphate were also used, but 
without success. Bleaching-powder mixed with lime, however, gave promising 
results, and further experiments are in progress with it. — F. J. C. 
Statiee as Represented at Blakeney Point, The Morphology and Anatomy of 
Genus. By E. de Fraine (Ann. Bot. vol. xxx. No. 118, p. 239; April 1916 ; 
figs. ; Part I.). — An account of the investigation of the various species of Statiee 
at Blakeney Point, Norfolk. The area shares with the neighbouring Burnham- 
Brancaster system the distinction of possessing every British species of the 
genus with the exception of 5. Dodartii (Gri.) The present paper is confined 
to 5. binervosa (G. E. Smith), S. bellidifolia (D.C.) and a hybrid, all of them 
of the shingle banks and lows. The habitat of S. binervosa is banks of bare 
shingle, of which the interspaces are filled with sandy mud, and is only reached 
by the highest tides. This species is the least maritime of those in the area, 
and this is in harmony with the fact that it will flourish and flower for years in 
normal garden soil. On the crests of the banks, and if competition is not too 
severe, the plants will attain a height of 8*5 inches as compared with 4*18 inches 
for those from the flanks. 5. bellidifolia (= reticulata) on the other hand occurs 
in situations reached by all but the lower tides, which may be flooded periodically 
for a considerable time. Descriptions of the morphology and anatomy are 
given which show how they are adapted to their different localities, and among 
the details may be mentioned the mucilage glands whose function is to prevent 
desiccation of the apex by checking too rapid transpiration ; the structure of 
5. binervosa which is formed to withstand the pressure of shingle and scarcity 
of water ; the root of 5. bellidifolia which, with few xylem fibres and abundant 
wood parenchyma, is of the marsh type with an aerating cortex. Part II. will 
deal with the species more particularly characteristic of the salt marsh. — G. D. L. 
Stone-fruit Diseases. By G. P. Darnell-Smith and E. Mackinnon {Agr. Gaz. 
N.S.W. vol. xxvi. pp. 749-753 ; 4 figs.) (cont.). — Rust is caused by the parasitic 
fungus Puccinia Pruni-spinosae, which attacks the leaf, fruit, and stem of the 
peach, the leaf and fruit of the almond and apricot, and the leaf of the plum 
and nectarine. The affected parts should be destroyed, and a thorough spraying 
with Bordeaux should be given before the buds burst in spring. Later spray 
with lime-sulphur. Similar treatment is recommended for peach freckle or 
black-spot, due to Cladosporium carpophilum. This disease makes shot-holes 
in the leaves, brown marks on the stems, and spots on the fruit. — 5. E. W. 
Stone Fruits, A Bacterial Disease of. By F. W. Rolfs {U.S.A. Exp. Stn 
Cornell, Mem. No. 8, July 1915. PP- 372-436; 11 figs.). — Cultivated varieties 
of the apricot (Prunus armeniaca) , the nectarine (P. persica var. nectarina), the 
