NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 
521 
Tomato, Leaf-spot Disease of. By E. Levin (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Mich., 
Tech. Bull. 25, March 1916, pp. 1-51 ; 9 plates). — From his experiments the 
author finds that this disease is caused by the fungus Septoria Lycopersici Speg., 
and a study of its morphology shows that the pycnidia are closed balls with walls 
similar to those in the genus Phoma. The spores are long and needle-shaped, 
and have several septa. The mycelium is of two kinds. Infection occurs 
through stomata, and the mycelium is intercellular and possesses haustoria. The 
author finds that the diseased spots on the leaves transpire more than the healthy 
portions, and that the transpiration of these healthy portions is repressed below 
normal. 
No variety of tomato was found especially susceptible or immune, although 
more than fifty were tried. Control measures, chiefly prophylactic, are recom- 
mended. A list of references is appended. — A . B. 
Tomato Manure (Qu. Agr. Jour. Nov. 1915, P- 255). — 4 to 5 cwt. 
superphosphate, 1 to 2 cwt. sulphate of potash, 1 to i| cwt. nitrolim or sulphate 
of ammonia or nitrate of soda to the acre, or 3 to 4 oz. of mixture a square yard. 
C. H. H. 
Tomato Mosaic Disease, On a Case of Recovery from. By W. B. Brierley 
(Ann. Econ. Biol. ii. p. 263, Apr. 1916). — An instance is recorded of the pro- 
duction of healthy shoots on a tomato plant which had been attacked by mosaic 
disease, the shoots being produced from a part of the stem which had previously 
produced mottled leaves which had withered and fallen. — F. J. C. 
Tomato Weevil, Buff-coloured. By W. W. Froggatt (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 
vol. xxvi. pp. 1065, 1066). — The buff-coloured tomato weevil (Desiantha nociva) 
is destructive in the larval and adult state. It feeds at night on the bark and 
foliage of the tomato plant. The weevil is under half an inch in length, dark 
brown body colour, covered with buff and grey scales and hairs, the colour of 
dry soil. The larvae are pale green, slender, and active. The beetles may be 
trapped by placing grass in holes scooped in the beds. They can be collected 
and destroyed in the morning. — S. E. W. 
Tomatos. By Madeleine Maraval (Rev. Hort. Nov. 16, 191 5). — Two new 
Tomatos highly recommended, ' Joffre ' and ' Tomate des Allies.' — C. T. D. 
Tomatos, A Troublesome Disease of Winter. By J. E, Howitt and R. E. 
Stone (Phytopathology, vi. p. 162, April 1916). — Brown and blackened areas 
occur between the larger veins, involving the secondary veins as well as 
the soft tissue. Affected leaves remain stunted, droop, and finally wither and 
die, the younger leaves being attacked first as a rule. Scattered brown spots 
also appear on the stems, but not, as a rule, extending into the vascular bundles. 
Diseased fruits have sunken brown spots scattered irregularly over their surface, 
sometimes extending deeply into the tissues, sometimes superficial. No causal 
organism has been isolated, and inoculation experiments gave negative results, 
but the disease, which appears to be in some way connected with the soil, is 
overcome by soil sterilization. — F. J. C. 
Transpiration, The Relation of, to the Number and Size of Stomata. By 
Walter L. C. Muenscher (Amer. Jour. Bot. vol. ii. No. 9, Nov. 1915, pp. 487- 
504). — As a result of numerous experiments with various plants under con- 
ditions approximately those of natural field conditions, the author finds the 
following : 
1. There was found no constant relation between the amount of water lost 
and the amount of linear units of stomatal pore (i.e. the number of stomata 
per unit of leaf surface multiplied by the length of the average pore) in the 
various species studied. 
2. There is no relation between the amount of transpiration and the length 
of the pore of one stoma. The number of stomata per unit of leaf surface, 
however, varies at the same time as the length of the pore varies for the different 
species ; so in this case we have two variables. 
3. There is no relation between the amount of transpiration and the number 
of stomata per unit of leaf surface in the different species. 
From the above, it would seem that the amount of transpiration is not 
governed entirely by stomatal regulation, and that the variations in the amount 
of water loss in different species cannot be accounted for by the size and number 
of stomata, but must be explained perhaps by a complex of several factors. 
A, B. 
