OR 
e-(3* AT H & R I u /n 
ANCIENT ANIMALS, FAR LkRGER THAN THE ELEPHANT. RECONSTRUCTED BY THE LATE PROFESSOR MARSH. 
not iiav'-^ s\3fn<. I(-nt knowleflffo 
r. '"-.r 1 { : •■ ' n , s 1 i r 1 1"! u n <"t ; ? \ s; fori ri a ' i <> ii 
■V '•<))-\<]^tU',n> lu bo n.ble to d'^tor- 
111 oir a i> p roxi ma 1 >-^. a; a 
scientific 
' T^ojiforoy County has ]o5;.ir 
3 b\- scion Us'ts to bo w"niidorf nliy 
;•'."(!<',<::':<•;} lly is nttestod by the fu\~ 
;■ f.-xlract from a lettor written in 
' Pr.-.ft'Ssor J'i, I>. I^ang of tlie Kt.ate 
rsi!:3': 
y.vc n('\-or sron a section of country 
'h in fnpp.il reiimins nt^ MonUToy 
y. nor odo so easy to study. The 
l>'in:.T in the noijjhborhond of the 
' do Tlfrra cornains strnia who^^e 
■e popltion is so plaiii lo oven the 
y practical rye that 'he who riijus 
Tad" its g-ooh~'g:jral hif^tory. 
oto in tlioT. viciiiity live f().':yil-henr- 
train; the loNVortTiost beini^ of an 
thi«d\'V!f ^-s of live foei and oou- 
rcRKiiiir of at Ica^M: four moi- 
pP}"r-(:ionn, mid ur.io hoini*- repro- 
|f' Abovo thJs I found, in very soft 
tone, many univalve sliolls the 
>f bnriinoles. oontninod in a, stratum 
one yard hi Ihicknef?^. Superini- 
poj-cd Upon the Inttor is a Htratuui. of 
t li i'^kiu rnryintr fr<"»rn ."^ovon f^-et to six- 
iy foot. aUnost oidiroly nuuh? up of «''af!ts 
of unios up.d pooteu:^ in '(h;.«:-tu!Hh Ff)ar' 
H;T>st;! llivv.'d car])onaio <if lirno). l^'hiR 
;-:tr.ituni J consider ns the mopt romark- 
a]~>h- oi' all, both on account of its itn- 
rnci^so thickfi(?fls and tiic ♦'normou.s nuni- 
lu r of rdioil-caj^tK that arc containod in it 
--not Ic'is, I should say. than 10,0()0 per 
('ubu': foot. Above the lajst described 
.'Stratum there exists a la.ver of redtn:-:h 
Fondstcnc one and one-haif feet in tliick- 
!iess. containing remaiir^ of two of the 
l)f fs^re-nientionod lavalx'c.s. 
"T.ast of all nd latest in its formation 
is the familiar nite, soft materia! c^alled 
•chaIk-ro(.^k' by the farmers, but which, 
in reality, is no irioro chalk than a bricdc 
i;- K is sintid.v lu>r<len(-d clay, an 
m'ly be felt by applyiui; the long-ue, sub- 
i-tauocs composed of or containinj^ clay 
alvvays . F-tii^king to th.-ii momber, Tiie 
roclv is whit's with a conchoidal frncture, 
ar,d i.s of liprht .'^pecifh-: g-ra-\'it\-. J)i some 
locjjUties the color shades K»imewliat. but 
stii! the rook pc-F-.oFS'es rM\-5r]y the .'-•;,ime 
characterissiics. Jn the tertiary epoch, 
when this clay rock wrh soft clay g'row- 
ing in thickncR.'? by depoBition from the 
overly in;.? Hca or lake, many shells of tur- 
riu'ila and fewer of a j-unaller moilusk, 
with a few scuttered specimens of a uni- 
valve almost m!cruscopi<" in size, became 
imbedded therein. Afterward, both be- 
fore and sin<'e tlie hardcnin?-r of this clay, 
tlic surrcimding: {H)untry yuis been snh- 
jecl to many upheavals and disturba.nces 
wlrich have resulted in the extensive 
fracltire and variable dip of the .stratum, 
the latter varying from 12 to 40 degrees. 
Aii these ??trata belong? to the tertiary, 
"This IB merely nn outline of the dis- 
coveries I ha\'e made in this hitherto 
neglected field. Of the fifteen or more 
siH-oies of fospils, I have identified nine — 
all belonging: to the department of mol- 
lUHkfi." 
Fii'cent discoveries^ have shown the field 
to be both larger and richer than former- 
l:v knovrn, the already discovered fossils 
ranging" from microscopic remains of 
diatoms, sponp:e8 and other organic. 
structtJre.s to those of mammoth prehis- 
toric animals. 
'■^ <j> ^-p <$> <$f 4y 4> <3> 4'j -ff s-S;.. <'^. ^ 4> ■f^y <^^ '■*> 4^ ■$>;> .>> ^f. <i> A> <«> <f. <*■> <'♦> <J5> <^ <*> <^ i$> 
the Most Distinguished Geologist in the World: Wor) pome When 31 Years Old 
Giant; Explained the Carson footprints, and Reconstructed fincient Monsters- 
^ 4> ^ 4^ ^ 4^ 4^ 
, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^} <^ ^ 4^ ^> ■t' '-f -^^ 't' <§> 4'> # <^ ^ <|> ^ ^ # 
Professor Mar.sh'e* letter wafi publish^ 
in a Buffalo newspaper. The account t 
how the aione man was made had th© 
effect of stimrdatlng- the manufa^ttire of 
giants, find to the astonishment of every 
one half a dozen Cardiff giantfi were be- 
ing- exhibited around the country within % 
5 ear. Recently the practical joker who 
made the giant told the story of his de- 
ception for the first time. 
Killed a Prehistoric Giant 
Yearj^ later raarvelo'as accounts cam« 
from Nevada of the discovery of human 
footprints in the sandstone f5trata at Car- 
son Cit3'. Each of the prints was from 
eighteen to twenty Inches long, about 
eiglit inches wide, having the exact shapo 
of a moccasined human foot. Ther© w^er© 
repfular ri^ht and left tracks, with a dis- 
tance between them of from eigrbteen to 
nir.etren inches. They were at once pro~ 
claimed a.*? the remaining" <»vfdences of a 
race of f^iantfi wliich once inhabited th® 
Pacific t-'cjuu, and the tj.ndonbted iuithen- 
(Icity of the impre^'sions on the stone in- 
duced not a few men of /scientific pre- 
t(:nsions to lal^e this view. Such a dificov- 
ery at o?ice nronscd the keen Inte^. ' of 
Professor Mc^rsh. but after an exanjaoa- 
tion of the prints he came to the '-.onclDi"' 
.sion that they were not made by men. at 
alb Fie read a paper on the subject to 
the National Academy of Sciences with 
which h'^ presented a carefully drawn 
pi'-'ture of thp hsig-e .<=skeieton foot of at| 
extinct sloth found in tiie .same general 
region and In the same geological hori- 
zon. A comparison of thip with the out- 
line of the footprint showed conclusively 
that it a sloth a.nd not a man that 
