'iriains of extinct animals and peculiar 
rock formations are also verr valuable, 
being second only to those coming: from 
the JTainesburg' countrF, 
A noteworthy fact reg'a.rdlngr these fos- 
sils is that the petrifactions of land arsi- 
ma!s are nearly all found at a much lower 
altitiide than those of marine animals, the 
remains of a maBtodon hnvc come from 
the Santa r..ncia .Mountains Koine 300 feet 
above sea levnl, while a whriiG"* hearl fos- 
sil, huge petritiod f>ysters, ti~]i jln?', harna-- 
cles and other forms oc son iifo wrf^ 
found embedded in a rid.i^<^-^ of RaiKlsione 
at h^aat 26«X) feet abovfi iho soa and r dis- 
tance of eighteon mlies inland. Scirtui;-^!;--; 
would, floubtiesvS, be alile to expiain this 
phenorr.pnou as a natural couRrqurnro oy 
the chaug-e of conditions In nvrovr[nr\rf- 
with thG tran??lt]Qn from one ^^-eological 
period to an ether. 
Tho whale's bead wari fovaid on th'- 
Finrh raiicii. near .Tairi<-shiirg-. and n<>r 
far from Tassajara Spring- It is the 
almost pp,rfert spooimrn r.f p, porljon of a 
whale's head from wlicr*.' it loins tho ^ r-r- 
tebral cohim?3 to about Tnir]w,:;y imeiV. 
of the jaw, with the eye .socket, and parr 
of the ball plainly dirrornibl.;-. The p'l'-;'- 
faction iR of the rlg-ht ?^hU^ o-f Uic ii^-ad 
moJifqiTPs ?0 inches in leo;ub. l>: inchPK 
in vvidth and 12 inches in tluidinf-s^t-. r;rid 
'^;^'fM'ghs r-;50 pounds. It ^vas d-h-.(>o verp/i two 
'•.y'-eKfi ag-o by a rr%s;i'iPr:t of t}u= J a dips- 
'■urg- rr-gion. Johu Cicnford. nnd wns bo 
Ufchtly embedded in iho sanilotone rorrno - 
tlrm of the rid,^o of tho mouirfain ihr.i iu? 
contour WOP diJ^firirurrd .-^lijs-ht iv 
moving- it. TTad Clonfr>rd mndp !::=^.(a of 
proper loobs with \%hi<\M tn dif^.intr-r i;)--' 
reh'c It is proVir-Hdo tha'- tfu/-: rai<ior\:\:n' 
niighl b,ave been obviatcL 'J^Jic p;pi>,-'p 
broken from if. have all been pr; ^'-•r\-<'d ;;.'iri 
can readily bo fitted t.o ir-.Ar old nbic-"s. 
T!ie pohit of the ridge from whlrb i fry,'. 
si! Wfis talcen is one of rrie bigii^-^^t of rho 
■surrounding mountain^!, nrid 3i*hou^h it.'--, 
exact altitude v/eus iiuposruble of ascer- 
tainment, it is^ thou^rht by r^rnra-ison 
\Tith surrounding points the altitudo nV 
which is known tliat it is not Iv^b r.hnn 
^K)0 foet aboye the sea. Cienford the 
two or three men in a 1 
century possess the regal ^ft of 
being- genius ir many thlriKs. j 
Professor O. C, Marsh of . Yalu. | 
Universityp who died recently, I 
was endowed with such a g-lft to ! 
a remarkable deg-ree. Besides bo- j 
■>^;^ one of the most distinguished <-.f \ 
v-i.merican scientists, and perhaps the most 
lamous pa]f;?nl(>lo^?^st in the world, he | 
'A'on a wide renown, outside of hip scien- | 
iiPc work PLS a darins? and succespful ax- [ 
Oiorr-r, n.H a ronnnisseur In Japanese, or", i 
a. lover and collector of ra,re orchids, as i 
•i ohampion uf the Aniorioon Indians, and, I 
-upremoly, ;i sto>^\' toller and writer of i 
M^ioy scientific works. ; 
ii.e sp-?nt a lonsr lif<"-- nnd a conf'sfdorab]?^ | 
fortuno in rniijding un a izrr-At public mu- \ 
r--.(;'UT^ at Yalo Coucgr-^,. He never drew a | 
penny of p-'dary for bis .-fu'vloes afi a pro- 
fo'ssor, and about a yoar aft'o, Vv-h^^n h!?; I 
liraitlj begBU tr- fail, tie mffclo o^'»'r -411 his i "**J^loo:^Fi^']<-^''' 
Rj^'O fofi?!! bonfiB ar.A their significance 
a j?eolog|--al dbirovery beranie plainer to 
him with every added year of study. 
From the shape, sizp. and relative pop'l- 
tlvu in which th'^^y were discovered, ho 
knew them to be the vertebra of some 
enormous animal of prehistoric origin; 
bvit he had found thorn in a coal forma- 
'Jon and tho nuthoritie>^ gave no hint of 
r.reaturoB so hi,^bly deveiopod in a geo- 
logicrxl ago bo rcniot'^ He believed that 
the two vertebrae indicated a hitherto 
unkn-jwn link botwcmi thn ftslifs nnd tho 
T'cptl;cj--, He i- ho wed iiic bones to the 
Csjuous grolngiBt, I>ana. aud to Professor 
Jed'rfes Wynum '.^t Harvard. Thcv told 
hiro To AgTifisiz, who knew more 
ai-iout, fl?:hes, living- and extinct, than any 
other mnn, Aiuif^^lz examined the bonos 
with keen interest. n,nd Innuirod where 
thoy were found. TVl-.en. young- Ma.rph 
told Jiini tho Ftnry qC tiH>ir d's'-'overv and 
veviturod to ouihr'ie Ids thorip^, th^ Vreat 
scientist 5?hnok hl8 h^uxd ciuphaticallv. 
■."apt and prieeleBB coilection-s to the oni- 
vcrsiry and died a coniparatlvc! v poor | 
man. 
Two Small Bones Led to Fame. 
l-^/Mne itnd f^cit^nco c.ro supposed to come 
■;v-bii grny liair??. lh'nf<sfv>r Marian was 
koov/n cvoryxThore in. i-ciontihc world j 
tlie ago of 31. Thffe; jsndden rise lo fame ; 
v\r!s tbo rf'fiuit of a dhscovery wlnr'.}\ ]i£ 
mndo wisUo he was yet o student r, i Phil.- 
: i i s A c a d G lYi y. And o v f r . .T > u r i n g- o no n(. h ♦ s 
-tnninor vacations lie was tramoing' ' 
.•■rnoi;.^' th^ clitT^ of Xova Scntia and ]\e \ 
■-■^>;;cf' up by rccidcnt t^•-•^ odd bits nf ^'05- 
■il Iv'tne. 7dc foiuid the-m lyhu; cIopp to- 
n.^o.-. like two ch*' ck*' r-^, nnc t-fd't iailv 
■ v.>r!apx:-in^ the otijr.r-. Tht^y wore tviln-, 
■ lr\<'i)] in form, with ^a io^r-ri^ke^ liojlow.s at 
'.TiCh. en<i. Rod p^i In-siirnbi; ;ii-n,iy sm'-jll iha,t 
lii.'in f.ni.^■h^ cU'.;ko hli^ hnnd around triern. ! 
Ynnng :\Iar??h. already <b>cply lntcre:^tcd. ! 
in >";.-^nlop"y and mineralo,M:y , <iropped th^^ | 
boTif s iJifo the j-'^'CkPt fO' h^f^ .^h'intiu;:,- i 
la.kct and carrir-i rhem with ulni. 11 " 
-'>;;-d from Andovf-r i YmIc. wh-'re iio 
frrridiiS-ted v/ii.h ii'-t'cr- in and 
rhcu h'o entered ^iie Rb»otTlebj Bolenliiic • 
School. All thi*^ : iiiio he tr or.. 30 red the 
-ai 
a 
Studi€!4 Two Bones for MoBtli.s. 
lUU yviinu; Marish ivph c 
am 
Irad made ;-"sr 
lat lie 
ci n i rn ] > ^ ; r r : < ,■ ' c .• > vp r \- _ ,\ f 
i})." susTj^estion of J yrnf r.<-;«or '\\'ynu-Ln iiO 
devoted i-in inonths 10 the Ftody nf th^^ 
two slttie boncB and their relaTioufdup ro 
the remafne; of fdher eKiinct inoiisier:^, 
thf-n hr- der^cribrd tbem a'':c!irri teiy h\ ,a 
puhh:;du:--d arcaunr. nrnrdnj^r the aninual 
fr-,ni wlilch tliey came tlic Eosaurus, the 
■■"dawn of lizard?/' the fir?;t reptilian re- 
nu.sin;--- to b;c- f.'ouid in the coal TncasnroB 
of America. TIjo discovery f)f the Eo^'au- 
ruf- caxiie as f-trong aftirmativ^c evide]u.'e. 
sb.i-iT*-ing: conciufiv«:-ly 11k> relaijoiu^hip be- 
twrei'! two widely diffor-^^nt c;aHp:e8 of an- 
ixnr.d life. At th*? in:;tance of Bir <.U:nr]eH 
Lyelh ^he enunent EngiiHh genlo^d.'^t , 
yoiuys.' "Marf:h's paper wjuq rea<'I bef,'nre the 
aiK'i..i;'d. freolo^rif-nl Society of j.oudon ajid 
i-i;- aut]-;or was voto;l a feijf)'?\-. it was 
translated in?.o Gf^rTnai: Ann the youn^ 
<.:'^! aitist wap asked to aer'-'pt the hoiior 
nf a mpmbpr:-]dp in ib'- (b.^olor^icn 1 Rocm'- 
oty of T?erhn. i^i Anu-T-ici V;ip. «"'o! j,->.o-.-. 
\\i\r- pr^-^mpt with i^-s aj.iprecta lioi-i of 
s aroe of the discf.'very, and a]thou,i?h 
young Mar.^h was then just graduated 
f rn.;':i "the Sheffield Scientific 
vi'as offered a r>eat !n the unl 
u.It5' aa professor of paleont< 
^DiscoTered a Bird With 
TV,ith J3uch unusual recogrnii 
Proife^sor Marsh began a sole 
in ,ivh!.ch he was destined to 
merf> than 8.ny other one n 
in e.:dabhshing the theory of ^ 
actual discoveries., Darwin 
rnagTuficent hypothesis; Huxh 
it,s ■ Kreat expounder, and 
"Jarsh and other brilliant yo- 
tii^?$, to whom a whole upJvei 
}>o.iddrniy laid bare by a g:re? 
by adding: link after link to I 
exrfnct life, helped to make 
of flevelopment a f:clentitlc 1 
bic nf actual objective demoni 
a ;=^iingle instan.ce, opponents 
had; cited the wide break I 
tv\y clnisscR of birds and rept 
Inc. that doctrine con Id not br 
In th.eir definition, of bird.s th 
of the time made tooth le.^ssnes 
chnracterlF.tic; no birds tain 
en<"e po,s.'M,-sRed any teeth. B\ 
Mr;THh, expl'-uing- our own R 
tn'T' rrpioo, found tlie rer 
sti-an??o luvinirolni? bird witi" 
(Ic'eloprd rows of te<u.h., A. 1! 
di.ivnvered mlior reptilelike 
biroiikp reptiieB. phowing- sorn 
tnal step.* by %vhich the sau.ri; 
li^'u years ixg'o became in the 
T-KS;-. of the agep the feathered 
k- bird nf to- day. ^ 
"My fjr«t great ambition.* 
M'arj=k> once told rne, "was ■ 
T.'oH n.s obi Colonel Jewett,' 
b,;;.nf.er ;ir' "Hyrntern New York, 
trier! d of bis. "J was not sa 
I cculd lu'ing down a. t^quirn 
top 'U'otch of a big hicknry, w 
^r^e 'Uily a tip of a red nose ar 
\U> roving' outrionr life m 
V:ovT nb.server. and gave him 
vila'ity to wltliptand any deg-i 
ship. 
I had known what my 
reer was to be," he said, 
have n-iapped out my l>oyhood 
