Itt nutrient gelatin at a temperature of 18°-30° C. after 
twenty-four hours pas bubbles appear along the streak of 
the needle. On the surface a small white point resembling 
wax may be seen. This increases in diameter and depresses 
the surface of the gelatin in the center, causing a funnel- 
phaped depression, without, however, causing liquefaction. 
Even after many months the gelatin is not liquefied. 
Microscopical examination shows an oval bacillus, usually 
single or in pairs. 
On agar-agar at 38''-40'' 0. a white point appears after 
twenty-four hours, which spreads, forming a whitish growth 
with irregular edges. Microscopical examination shows 
bacilli resembling those found in gelatin cultures, 
In solidified horse serum the appearances are much the 
same as in gelatin, except that gas production is not pro- 
nounced. 
In liquid horse serum at 18°-20° O. small floc'duli appear at 
the bottom of the tube, the bulk of the liquid remaining 
clear. Microscopical examination sliows chains of 18-20 
elements. 
In pepton bouillon after twenty-four hours a uniform tur- 
bidity is produced, and after a few days white flocculi 
appear at the bottom of the tube. Micro»scopical examina- 
tion shows single rods and short chains. 
Ob potato at room temperature after twenty-four hours a 
while, transparent growth appears. 
In milk at room temperature the bacillus grows very well 
without causing coagulation. Microscopical examination 
shows typical oval forms as they are obtained from the 
dog. 
The bacillus gives no indol reaction and grows in glucose 
bouillon without causing fermentation. 
In all culturt^s the bacillus is motile. Sometimes bacilli are 
found with enlarged ends containing small spores. The 
bacillus stains well by Gram'g method. A few take the stain 
uniformly throughout, others a deeper end stain, others occur 
with their poles united by a protoplasmic substance which 
stains very feebly. 
The writer is not aware of any successful attempts to pro- 
duce either an artificial immunity in dogs by Pasteur's 
method or an anti-toxin for the cure of the disease after it 
has developed. In view of the lasting immunity conferred 
on dogs by an attack of the disease, it seems very probable 
that some such method could be devised 
(1) "II Micro Organisrao del Cimurrodel Oane Comraunic. 
Preventiva. " (La Olinica Veterinaiia, 30 Marzo, 1895, p. 
131.) 
(2) "Centralblatt filr Bakteriologie und Parasitenkunde," 
Bd XIX , Heft 18-19. 
[For the above we are indebted to Mr. R, B. F. Randolph, 
of the Hoagland Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, 
Brooklyn, N. Y.] 
Tlie Sportsmen's Association. 
In connection with the Sportsmen's Exposition, to be held 
in Madison Square Garden beginning on March 13, the 
Sportsmen's Association will give a bench show, unique and 
specially valuable in that it will be restricted exclusively to 
pointers, setters (English, Irish and Gordon), beagles, fox- 
hounds and greyhounds, and of these only such as have won 
in public trials are eligible to competitiou. Also, there will 
be a limit to the total allowed, probably seventy-five. This 
show will be an object lesson in field dogs. The qualifica- 
tions of eligibility will place the competitors in a recognized 
position from the start. Rumors and owners' claims 
are nothing if not backed up by records. Its com- 
position and purposes are thus strictly in keeping with the 
exposition. Those who have eligible dogs should not miss 
this rare and important event. It is said that the prize list 
will be very liberal. A meeting of the committee to arrange 
preliminaries was held in thfr A. K. C. rooms on the 7th 
Inst. The members of the committee are: Major J. M. 
Taylor, B. Waters and J. Johnson, for the exhibits of setters 
and pointers; Hermann F. Schellhass, beagles; Bradford S. 
Turpin, foxhounds; L. P. Whiton, for greyhounds; Mr. A. 
P. Vredenburgh, chairman. The setters will have classes 
for dogs and bitches, for respectively both Derby and all- 
aged winners; pointers the same, but as eligibility rests on 
field record there will be no division by weight. Beagles 
will have classes for dogs and bitches of different heights, 
and foxhounds an d greyhounds will have classes for dogs 
and. bitches. Also specials for kennels and sire and liis get, 
etc., will be offered. Circulars and prize lists will be ready 
for distributipn soon. 
The,. Westminster Show. 
The premium list of the forthcoming annual show of the 
Westminster Kennel Club is notewortby for the long list of 
specials given in the several classes by the Westminster Club, 
the specialty clubs and individuals. The premmms run $15 
and |10 or $10 and $5 for puppy and novice classes; $15 for 
challenge classes; $15, $10 and $5 for some open classes, and 
$30, |10 and |5 for others. The full list will be sent on ap- 
plication by Superintendent James Mortimer, No. 66 Beaver 
street. New York. The judges are as follows; 
St, Bernards and Newfoundlands, Miss A. H. Whitney; 
Great Danes, Mr. Charles D. Bernheimer; American fox- 
hounds, Mr R D. Perry; Chesapeake Bay dogs, Mr. George 
E. Pollock; cocker spaniels, Mr. Andrew Laidlaw; poodles, 
Mr. H. W. Lacy; Boston terriers, Mr. Dwight Baldwin; 
Dachstiunde, Mr, L. A. Klein; beagles, Mr. George B. Post, 
Jr. ; bulldogs, Mr. John A. Matthews ; mastiff s, bloodhounds, 
greyhounds, English foxhounds, pointers, setters, Iribh 
water span els, clumber spaniels, field spaniels, whippets, 
pugs and toy spaniels, Mr. George Raper; Russian wolf 
hounds, deerhounds, collies, old English sheep dogs, all 
terriers, schipperkes, Pomeranians, Italian greyhounds and 
miscellaneous, Mr. L. P. C. Astley. 
Dogs of Constantinople. 
The wars of the Constantinople street dogs are eminently 
satisfactory from the point of view of the inquirer into an- 
imal politics. Theoretically, they are complete examples of 
what the rational warfare of animals ought to be, but usually 
is not. It has for object either defense or conquest of ter^ 
ritory, not the mere plundering instinct, or that primitive 
desire for making a meat dinner off an enemy which occa- 
sionally suggests an attack on weaker neighbors to the 
cannibals of the Congo. This civilized and rational warfare 
of the Constantinople dogs is due to their territorial instinct. 
Certain streets and quarters belong to particular dog com- 
munities, which again subdivide their territory among in- 
dividuals. In some streets each heap of refuse on to which 
the common rubbish of a group of houses is thrown belongs 
to one dog, who lies on it, brings up -its puppies on it, and 
looks on it as his home. "There were three sweet families 
in one street," according to the accouat of a lady who re- 
J^ORESl^ Al^t> STREAM, 
ceiitly visited Constantinople and though tits dogs most inter- 
esting native inhabitants If food becomes scarce in the 
next dog "parish" an invasion is planned into a richer 
neighborbood, where the rubbish heaps— the Turkish equiv- 
alent for dust bins— of a wealthier class of inhabitants prom- 
ise to yield better results All the dogs of the invaded ter- 
ritory at once muster for resistance, and the fight, which is 
not_ organized, but of the rough and tumble order, goes on 
until victory declares itself for one side or the other, or until 
the inhabitants step out and stone the packs till they separate. 
Not unfrequently a street or two are annexed by the in- 
vaders; more often the defense is successful. This is always 
conducted by a levy en masse, even the puppies joining in 
the fray. It is observed that it is only serious invasion 
which causes the dogs to fight. A single dog may pass 
through a strange quarter, provided he gives himself no airs, 
but lies down on his back and sticks up his feet with proper 
deference and humility whenever the owners of the street 
come up to expel him, According to Turkish tradition, 
these street dogs were once most successful in warfare, for 
their ancestors fought and beat the devil. Their story is that 
when man first appeared on earth, and Satan drew near to 
kill him, the dogs attacked and drove away the arch enemy 
and preserved the first man. Hence, when u Turk has 
broken some minor ordinance of the Koran, he often buys a 
few loves of bread, and, stepping out into the road, throws 
them in dignified manner — not as an Englishman would 
throw them— to the dogs of the street. — Loiidon Spe-ctator, 
POINTS AND FLUSHES. 
Mr. W. W. Titus informs us that he will probably start 
his pipe factory at Calmer, Iowa, about the middle of this 
month, Though engaged in other business than training, 
Mr. Titus still maintains an earnest interest in dog matters, 
and no doubt will always do so. We heartily wish him 
success. 
The special prizes offered by the Poodle Club, to be com- 
peted for at the forthcoming New York show, are worthy of 
the earnest consideration of exhibitors. The Meadow mere 
Kennels offer three cups to be competed for at same show. 
For information as to particulars, address Mr. Z T. Baker, 
13 William street, New York. 
Mr. Royal Robinson, Indianapolis, who accepted an in- 
vitation to act as one of the judges of the Continental Field 
Trials Club at Tupelo, Miss., this week, has notified the 
secretary that he has withdrawn his acceptance. 
Nothwithstanding the severe business depression of the 
past year, the A. K. C. was prosperous and generously sun 
ported. In 1895 there were 3,383 registrations. In 1890 
there were 3,348, a gain of 65 over the previous year. List- 
ings in 1895. l,669;"in 1896, 3,413, which was only exceeded 
once, in 1891, when the listings numbered 3,504. 
Comrwunicationa for this department are requested. Anything on 
the bicycle in its relation to the sportsman is particularly detira ble. 
CHAIN LESS BICYCLES. 
It is significant that after the wide publicity given the idea 
of bevel gears for bicyles last year so little is heard of the 
subject at present. On all .sides it is conceded that the chain 
is apoor means for transmitling Dower, and that its use in- 
volves a considerable loss of energy; conseqiienily that some 
improved method of converting the force created by each 
downward pressure of a man's legs on the pedals of a bicycle 
to the multiple turning of a driving wheel is eminently de- 
sirable. 
To the lay mind, judging from the newspaper reports, it 
seemed as if the desideratum had been reached in the bevel 
gear, and by some it was expected that an immediate revolu- 
tion would result. This assumption has not, however, been 
borne out by facts, and the present indications are that, as 
heretofore, the vast majority of the bicycles manufactured 
will be chain machines. 
The natural inference is that the bevel gear in its present 
state of development possesses no great advantage over the 
common gear It is not likely that difficulties of mechanical 
construction alone would prevent its adoptien, for in other 
machinery where conditions call for this method of trans- 
mission of power the bevel gear is successfully used, and no 
very complex form would be required for the bicycle. 
At the National Cycle Show in England last month, a 
number of devices for doing away with the chain were 
shown, but they did not apparently occupy an important 
place in the exhibition, or arouse any special enthusiasm. 
The most prominent, and also the most practical, was? the 
Acoteus chainless bicycle exhibited by the Metropole Com- 
pany, 
This is the bicycle upon which Riyierre, the French long- 
distance racer, did such good work. In this the power is 
transmitted by means of a hollow shaft, furnished at either 
end with cog wheels cut on the bevel, which engage with 
similar cog wheels upon crank and driving wheel axles. The 
hollow shaft runs on ball bearings situated under the gear 
wheels at either end, and the stay on the gear side of the bi- 
cycle passes through it. In appearance it is very neat, and 
it has the further advantage of being practically dust proof. 
The speeding up of the mechanism is mainly affected by the 
disparity in size between the wheel on the pedal shaft and 
that in connection with it, but a variation in the size of the 
other cog wheels causes a slight additional gearing up. No 
arrangement has been made for cbanging the gear, though 
this feature has received attention. Elsewhere several in- 
ventions were shown in which double wheels of different 
size, designed to be quickly thrown in or out of gear, were 
the common feature, but for varying gear in the chainless 
bicycle interchangeable cog wheels would seem to be the 
more practical. A bevel gear, in which rollers took the 
place of cogs, was also shown by an English company, and 
a so-called ball-bearing bevel gear was the feature of a Dan- 
ish, exhibit. Among other substitutes for the chain was a 
mechanical device In which two cylindrical disks, running 
in vertical planes and a'.tached to the axles of the cranks and 
driving wheel, "were connected with each other by short re- 
ciprocating rods working in sockets near the peripheries of 
each wheel. 
In another arrangement the power was transmitted through 
tubes with a semi-circular channel by means of balls which 
followed an endless circuit, passing over both sprocket 
wheels, which were cut with semi-circular spaces to hold th 
balls. The general opinion after an examination of thes 
devices seems to be that the French invention comes nearest 
the practical solution of the problem of bevel gear for 
bicycles. The advocates of this machine, however, who are 
willing as a test of the sincerity of their convictions to go to 
the extent of investing in a wheel were not Tery much in 
evidence. 
Novelties. 
Among other novelties exhibited at the English National 
Cycle Show were tires in which shark's skin takes the place 
of rubber in the composition of the cover; also tires made 
from a string of rubber disks, threaded alternately with 
smaller disks of cork, and enveloped in a covering similar to 
that of an ordinary pneumatic tire, except that it is not in- 
flated ; pumps for tires, which are operated by grasping the 
saddle and working the seat pillar up and down in the tube 
which carries it; bicycles propelled by rear drivers. With a 
sun and planet movement operated by swinging levers, 
which give an elliptical action to the pedals; a balance action 
machine, which has four wheels in line, and which it is 
said "may embody an excellent principle," but the complica- 
tion and unwieldiness of the structure place it outside the 
range of practical mechanics; and last, but not least, some 
of the old high bicycles, 54in. ' 'ordinarie;^" with pneumatic 
tires. " 
The special meeting of the Lake Y. R. A. on Sa,turday , 
promises to be quite as interesting as the recent annual meet-* 
ing at which the "hurumfrodite" rule of a dift'erent standard 
midship section for each class was passed. As we stated at-' 
the time, this compromise was too absurd to be allowed to\ 
stand, and the matter will be positively settled in one yfny or 
another at the coming meeting. A great deal of feeling has 
arisen among the Luke yachtsmen, some of the leading, mem- 
bers of the Victoria Y. C, in concert with Com. Berriman, 
of Chicago, opposing all attempts to restrict the fin-keel in 
any class whatever. 
So far as existing interests on Lake Ontario are concerned, 
there is now no cause whatever for any further dispute, as 
the proposers of the 35 per cent, hmit have agreed; in fact 
this was done at the Rochester meeting to exclude the 37ft. 
class, and they never intended the restriction to apply to the 
22ft. cla^s. This takes out of the fight entirely Hiawatha, 
we believe the only fin-keel in the 37ft. class, and also dis- 
poses of the attempt to represent the 33ft, class fins as mar- 
tyrs. The only other yacht affected by the limitation of the: 
midship section is Canada, and as she is owned by the pro- 
posers of the rule she offers no bar to its adoption with the 
provision which they are willing to make, that she shall pay 
a fair handicap for her smaller section. 
We are not posted as to the grounds for the opposition 
from Chicago, save that last winter, when the new yacht 
was first designed for international honors on the lakes, it 
was decided to make hec- a fin-keel of the size and general 
type of the Herreshoff Niagara and Isolde. It will be r*' 
membered that when, after the yacht was partly completed, 
a challenge was sent by Com. Berriman and the Lincoln 
Park Y. C. to the Royal Canadian Y. C, the 
latter declined to build to the size of Vencedor, about 
53ft. r.l., on the ground that a yacht of this,,size and 
adequate draft, particularly a fln-keel, was unsuited to 
the waters of Lake Ontario, and would prove destructive to 
the largest existing class, 43ft, r.l. The resulting compro- 
mise will be remembered; the challenging yacht— Canada — 
being in the 43tt. class, while Vencedor was limited to not 
less than 43ft. l.w.l. length, nor over 45ft. r.l. While Vence- 
dor was of the extreme fin type and construction, Canada 
was a cutter of very hollow section, but of the usual con- 
struction, with deep oak keel and planking carried down, 
nearly to the lead keel. • ,' 
In f.pite of the position so strongly taken by the R. C. Y. 
C, last year in the matter of size, Com. Berriman has been 
anxious to race this coming season in yachts of 55ft. r.l. and 
of the fin- keel type; but the R. C. Y. 'C. has gone even fur- 
ther than last year after its experience with Canada, and is 
not only unwilling to build out of the 43ft. class, but also 
wishes to prohibit the fin-keel entirely. 
There can be no question that the best interests, of yacht- 
ing, both on Lake Ontario alone and through the chain of 
lakes, will be served by the prohibition of the fin -keel and 
the retention of the racing in the 42ft. class, for the reason 
that there are very few of th.e active sailing men who can 
afford to build the modern racing machine of excessive 
draft, limited accommodation arid "useless save for racing, of 
whicti there is thus far not enough to warrant the construc- 
tion of a yacht for it alone. 
So far as sport is concerned, it cannot be claimed for a 
moment that the racing suffers in any way because both, 
sides are limited to a certain minimum area of section; it re- 
quires just as much skill on the part of the designer to turn 
out a yacht of Defender's section as one with the section of 
Jubilee or Pilgrim. The difference in spetd between the two 
types might be a controlling factor on the coast or in Eng- 
land, where the conditions make it impossible to bar the fin- 
keel, but as between boats of but one type racing together 
this difference would not be apparent to the expert obseryer. 
If, for instance, the fln-keel were barred on the Lakes and 
two new boats were built this year to the proposed limit of 
midship section, of the latest construction and rigging, no 
one could tell in seeing them raced that they were materially 
slower than two flu-keels. This past year, it will be, re- 
membered, the boat of comparatively full section actually 
defeated the extreme fln-keel. 
The Lake yachtsmen have a good deal at stake in this- 
matter. While the present outlook for yachting is most en^ 
couraging as compared with the past, it is plain enough that 
there i^ much yet to be done to place yacht racing on a firm, 
and satisfactory basis on fresh water. If, with the example 
of the Atlantic clubs before them, in which, in spite of thea 
many wealthy yachtsmen, it is hard to keep up a few per^ 
manent classes even in the smaller sizes, they adopt the ex- ' 
treme racing machine, it means that the racing will be lim- 
ited to occasional syndicates, and will no longer be the sport" 
of men of moderate means. If, on the other hand, they are ' 
willing to work together harmoniously in the effort to re- 
strain that fever of outbuilding which is the bane of modern 
racing; to limit the size according to the local conditions; to 
encourage a type that is capable of other uses than mere 
racing, and, as proposed by the Queen City Y. C, to be 
first in a new field by placing a wholesome limit on cou- 
