30 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
LJAN. 9, 1897. 
curios for the Smithgonian Institution and the Long Island 
Historical Society. He wanted me to go to Maine or New 
Brunswick, but Albany was cold enough in winter to sat- 
isfy all desire to go further north, and then the war came 
on and we drifted apart, I to enter the Union army and he 
to run the blockade and become the editor of the Augusta 
(Ga.) Chronicle and Sentinel, and at the same time writ- 
ing a book entitled "Sketches of Stonewall Jackson," for 
which he got one of the very few copyrights ever issued 
by the so-called Confederate Grovernment, and which is 
now in the National Museum. His restless spirit impelled 
him to again run the blockade seven months later, and he 
labored for a whole month on the Royal Gazette at Ham- 
ilton, Bermuda, and then skipped to Halifax, where he 
corresponded for several New York papers while making 
a tour of the maritime provinces by land and water, 
Canadian politics were as much mixed then as they are 
now, and promise to continue, and this tireless worker 
saw that the reciprocity treaty with the United States 
had expired and that the public was considering the con- 
federation of all the British Provinces in North America, 
and he ran a series of articles in the Halifax Citizen en- 
titled, "Joel Penman's Observations, or the Provinces 
Seen Through Yankee Spectacles," In 1864 Mr. Hallock 
became assistant editor of the St, John (N, F.) Telegraph, 
and simultaneously opened the first broker's office in the 
Province. Later he became editor of the St. John 
Courier, a Confederate organ, and at the same time pub- 
lished an opposition paper of his own called The Humor- 
ist, as a counterpoise. The latter was a financial success, 
but he only ran it a few months, when it stopped; he was 
tired of it. 
Now I arise to say: The subject of this sketch is not only 
a gifted man, but a genius of a very high order. He has 
not piled up millions of dollars, as some more cold-blooded 
men have, but he has made his mark on the roll of fame 
and the world is the better for his having lived. His 
talents have not been used to accumulate money, although 
he has made and lost fortunes, but he has spent years in, 
teaching the youth of America not to waste the heritage 
of game and not to slaughter for slaughter's sake. In the 
killing of fish I learned this from him and have preached 
and practiced it for many years. 
Last August I received a letter from my old friend. 
Like all men of his temperament, he must be elated or de- 
spondent, and he was in the latter mood when he wrote: 
"Since then we have fought the battle of life for forty 
years, and it has had its sharp engagements; you coming 
out as a major and I more or less a minor; to which key 
shall we join in singing?" Thirty years ago he returned 
to New York and opened a broker's office in Beaver street, 
the firm being Ralph King & Hallock, and for a year was 
the financial editor of Harper's Weekly, and then his rest- 
less spirit asserted itself and he explored the Adirondacks 
and wrote up that region, which was not as well known as 
it is now. He visited me after I had gone into trout 
breeding in western New York, and we wet our lines in a 
little trout brook and spent much time in discussing old 
times and in comparing notes of adventure since we met. 
Portia says: 
"Por in cotnpaBions 
That do converse and waste the lime together, 
Whose souls do bear an eqiial yoke of love, 
There must be needs a like proportion 
Of lineaments, of manners and of spirit." 
In 1870 Mr. Hallock, with Messrs. E. R. Wilbur, Dud- 
ley Field, Genio C, Scott, S. D. Bruce and several others, 
founded Blooming Grove Park, in Pike county, Pa,, and 
the next year it was incorporated. The park then cov- 
ered 13,000 acres and was the first great game preserve in 
America. The Park Association has now many elegant 
buildings and also many members. 
Among the many things which the sportsmen of the 
world, and of America in particular, owe to Charles Hal- 
lock is the founding of Forest and Streajvi in 1873. He 
sent me a prospectus of the forthcoming journal and 
wrote me a most peremptory order to send him an article 
for the first issue, on pain of his displeasure. Relenting 
somewhat, he closed the letter with a request, saying: 
"Do this and I will love th^e forever: 
"With a love that shall not die, 
Till the Sim g;rows cold, 
And the stars are old, 
And the leaves of the Judgment Book unfold." 
So it came to pass that when the first copy of Forest 
AND Stream saw the light of the August moon it con- 
tained a few lines from my pen; crude they seem to-day, 
but what fellow can resist an order that is modified into 
such a request? The genial Charles came again to see my 
little trout farm when the grayling eggs and the adult 
grayling were there in the first experiments with that 
new game fish, and we again wet our lines, and would 
have wet our whistles had we been boys and the year in 
its early youth; for when the sap goes up the willow, be- 
fore the leaves put out, the bark on last year's wood will 
"wring," and whistles are then made; but the bark so 
wrung will dry if not cared for, but, you understand, we 
wet our lines and perhaps a foot, 
In the early '703 Mr. Hallock turned his attention to the 
development of Florida and advocated draining Lake Oke- 
chobee. He put the first boat on that lake that had been 
there since the Seminole war in 1848; he called the boat 
"Forest and Stream," and put Mr. Fred A. Ober in charge 
of the expedition, and later he obtained the assistance of 
Prof. Spencer F, Baird and Mr. George N. Lawrence in 
fitting Ober out for natural history work in the Carib- 
bean Sea. 
Mr. Hallock continued his work as editor of Forest and 
Stream until January, 1880. Meanwhile he had published 
"The Sportsman Tourist," "Camp Life in Florida" and 
that grand volume of 900 pages, "The Sportsman's 
Gazetteer." Then he took what he called "a rest." 
Without looking for the exact definition of the word in 
the big dictionaries, I will by their leave say that Hal- 
lock's idea of rest at that time was to attach himself to 
Maj. Wagner's United States revenue force in the moun- 
tains of East Tennessee and North Carolina to look up the 
"moonshiners," as the makers of illicit whisky are called, 
and to report the work for the New York Herald. Now 
just see the difference in an individual definition of the 
same word. To me that blessed word "rest" means free- 
dom from not only manual labor, but also from thinking; 
it means what I can only express as "hog comfort," and 
its culmination a grand after-life of good living and sound 
sleeping. That sort of thing wouldn't suit Hallook for 
an hour. There is an ever-hungry maggot in his brain 
that continually impels him to do something, and while 
he loves a good dinner his brain works off its effect. You 
might as well try to fatten a threshing machine by run- 
ning oats through it as to get an ounce of fat on Charlie 
Hallock by feeding him oceans of turtle soup and tons of 
possum; his brain would undo all the efforts of his stom- 
ach, even after he has passed the half century point 
which Victor Hugo called "the old age of youth and the 
youth of old age." 
The fact that my dear old friend of nearly half a cen- 
tury and I are so dissimilar in mental and physical make- 
up is no doubt the reason that we are still friends. We 
were never rivals in anything, but we had that same 
bond of fellowship which cannot be described in words; a 
subtle something which draws some men of different 
natures into close companionship, The character of 
"rolling stones which gather no moss,", and perhaps had 
no time to waste in that direction, is the only point of 
resemblance; but if Charles Hallock has not gathered 
much moss he has collected a mass of most extensive 
knowledge of the football which we call "the earth," 
which in his declining years will be a comfort to him if 
his nervous organization will ever allow him to sit down 
and take a few years off for contemplation of the past 
and indulgence in reverie of the future. 
In 1878 Mr. Hallock again broke away from office work 
and founded the town of Hallock in northern Minnesota, 
in a grand hunting region on the old Red River trail 
which he had travele<l some twenty years before. It is 
now the county seat of Kittson county. Three years 
later he went out to the Yellowstone country to attend 
and report an important council of Crow Indians which 
ceded the right of way through their reservation to the 
Northern Pacific Railway, and incidentally to hunt and 
fish in that newly opened region, and a year later he 
went out to the Sascatchewan country, on the Canadian 
Pacific Railway, and wrote it up for some of the maga- 
zines. In 1883 he worked up the natural history and re- 
sources of Texas for the Missouri Pacific management, 
crossing the Rio Grande into Mexico at El Paso and 
Laredo, and the following year was made superintendent 
of the Minnesota State frontier exhibit at the New Or- 
leans world's fair and cotton exposition, and was highly 
complimented on the artistic manner in which bis life- 
like groups were displayed. In 1885 he went to Mani- 
toba to report the Riel rebellion, while it was practically 
winter in that frigid country, although the almanac said 
it was April. 
In the summer of '85 he went to Alaska with the first 
governer of that territory, and on his return published 
his well-known book, "Our New Alaska," which has been 
called one of the masterpieces of English composition. 
He afterward went to Canada and wrote up the marble 
and phosphate deposits, as well as many sketches of the 
field sports to be had there, A few years later found 
him trying to repopulate the abandoned farms of New 
England with summer cottages, and then he worked up 
the mineral regions of Montana for the New York Times in 
the interest of the Great Northern Railway. In 1893 his 
attention was called to the mining region of British 
Columbia and the Pacific extension of the sam.e railway. 
Since then he has been writing up the resources of the 
seaboard of North Carolina in many publications. 
This brief sketch gives a fair idea of the restless, hard- 
working man who has accomplished so much field work 
and exploration in nearly every geographical division of 
the continent, coasted nearly the entire shores of both 
oceans, traversed the great inland waters and regions but 
little known, and whose work has been of great value to 
science as well as to the sportsman. 
He is still hale and hearty, and when I met him in 
New York last month he spoke of my articles and I told 
him that I would soon write something of our old-time 
acquaintance. 
"All right," said he, "I'll give you some dates when I 
get to St. Paul." And he did. He wrote me a funny 
yarn about a railway adventure where soap and towels 
were unknown, and wound up by giving me the dates of 
his birth and marriage. But the University Magazine 
for August, 1894, helped me out with facts and dates, or 
this could not have been written. ■ 
Sitting in my den and thinking of old friends, most of 
whom have crossed the styx, the words of Buckingham 
(Henry VIII.) come up as I think of Charles Hallock: 
"May he live 
Longer than 1 have time to tell his years ! 
Ever beloved and loving may his rule hel 
And, when old time shall lead him to his end, 
Goodness and he fill up one monument 1" 
Fred Mather. 
ANGLING NOTES. 
The Poetry of Angling. 
Shasta Mountains, GaiL.— Editor Forest and Stream: 
I would like to know whether any of your readers snig- 
gle or not. I bethink me of reading in this journal some 
months ago about some guddlers. It seems to me that 
those who guddle should have an affinity, as it were, in 
those who sniggle. 
Now, if there are anysnigglers, I hope they will align 
up and drill with the guddlers, so we will know what 
they are up to nowadays. 
I think both snigglers and guddlers are slighted and 
neglected in literature, and it is my intention to write an 
ode to" snigglers and guddlers, and touch it off as soon as 
I have them identified. Ransacker, 
P. S,— As I am informed the sniggler is usually in pur- 
suit of a wriggler, I perceive a rhyme thereby; while gud- 
dlers, with proper precautions, may be made to jingle as 
puddlers, hence these subjects may be odified in a very 
odible sort of a way. R. 
[Also, if Ransacker's muse can handle snigglers and 
guddlers, she should turn her attention to the Connecti- 
cut wigwazzers,] 
New York Fish Hatcheries. 
Caledonia Creek, Livingston county, N, Y., has on 
its banks the oldest fish hatchery in the State. It was es- 
tablished by Seth Green as a private hatchery in 1864, and 
afterward came into the possession of the State of New 
York upon the creation of the Fish Commission in 1868, 
and it is the largest and best known hatchery now owned 
by the State. In fact, I have on a number of occasions 
found people who had an idea that the Caledonia hatchery 
was the only one in the State, and that all the fish hatched 
and distributed by the State Fisheries Commission came 
from the Caledonia Station. Soon after the organization 
of the Fisheries, Game and Forest Commission last year 
the water in a pond above the State property became 
poisoned with water mould during an exceedingly dry 
time, and when it was allowed to flow down the creek 
and through the stock ponds and the hatching troughs at 
the station it killed the fish, young and old, in spite of 
everything that was done to save them. 
Writing of this disaster in Forest and Stream at the 
time, I said it was a blessing in disguise. It seemed to 
the general public to be a severe blow to the work of the 
Commission that it should lose thouiiands of fingerling 
brook, brown, rainbow and lake trout, and other thou- 
sands of stock fish of the same species: but as the fish had 
in previous years been crossed and recrossed until pure- 
bred fish were the exception in the stock ponds, it was 
really a consummation devoutly to be hoped for, by those 
who knew the facts, that the entire outfit should go at 
"one fell swoop" and leave the stock ponds tenantless, to 
be filled later with fish of pure lineage that would pro- 
duce strong, healthy, fruitful fry. To-day one will see 
that great changes have been wrought at the Caledonia 
hatching station since the foul water came down the 
stream, spreading devastation among the fish, and the 
changes are not all apparent to the eye of the observer. 
The station has a capacity for hatching 5,000,000 trout 
fry, 10,000,000 whitefish and 30,000,000 pike-perch. In 
its rearing boxes and races 800,000 fingerling trout can 
be reared annually. With its present equipment it is 
probably second to no hatchery in the United States for 
the quality of the work performed. 
It was in June of 1895 that the stock ponds and hatch- 
ing troughs and rearing boxes were visited by the fatal 
water mould from the pond above, but to-day the station 
has the following fish on hand : 
Brook trout, 5 to 8 years old ■ <> t a-i . . . . 45 
Brook trout, to 834 years old, ., , ,,.1. ...irii-.'i t>i.i.... 3 OnO 
Brook trout, IJ^ years old .....w...... S.OOO 
Brown trout, 5 to ISyearsold , ,i„.,,i;,., , , 1,500 
Brown trout, 3 to 4 years ol 3 300 
Brown trout, 1 to 3 years old , , 300 
Lake trout, 10 to 15 years old , . , ,■ 25 
Rainbow trout, 5 years old , , , , . 40 
Rainbow trout, 3 years old *.,..... SCO 
Rainbow trout 1 to 2 years old 400 
Red-throat trout, IJ-^ years old 1,900 
Total 13,010 
Brook trout, 8 months old , , , , . 70,000 
Brown trout, 8 months old , , , . , . . , , S2,CO0 
Lake trout, 8 months old 8,000 
Landlocked salmon, 8 months old. ,,, , 3,500 
Scotch Sea trout. 8 months old 750 
Rainbow trout, 6 months old..,,.,,,, 14000 
St«elhead trout, 5 months old , , , 650 
I REPORT YOUR LUCK 
3 With Rod or Gun 
I To FOREST AND STREAM, 
New York City. 
If- 
* 
Total 127,000 
It has been necessary to bring stock fish from other 
hatching stations in the State, and to procure fish from 
outside sources; but all the stock fish are strong, active, 
healthy, pure-bred fish, 
The Pleasant Valley hatchery, near Bath, Steuben 
county, is a new station of the Fisheries, Game and Forest 
Commission, and during the past season much work has 
been done to bring it into proper working condition, and 
to-day it is a model hatchery for one of its size. It is not 
an easy matter to create a hatchery, stock ponds, rearing 
boxes, and adjust the water supply so that it may be litil* 
ized to the utmost, and bring it up to its working capacity 
from a rough, swampy field and a stream of watei- to 
build upon within a limited time; but this practicalUy has 
been done at Bath within little more than -two years. 
Now there is a complete hatchery, with modern hatching 
troughs with a capacity for hatching 1,500,000 trout fry. 
The grounds have been graded and five stock ponds have 
been built, with rearing boxes to raise 150,000 fingerling 
trout annually. The water system is as perfect as it can 
be made, with guards against overflow or floods at all the 
ponds and rearing races. The water is aerated artificially 
for the fingerling fish, and is so distributed as to utilize 
every gallon of it in fish propagation. A new ice house con- 
taining meat room has been built, and the stock ponds 
now contain the following fish: 
Brook trout, 8 years old , 10 
Brook trout, 20 months old 2,0n0 
Brook trout, 6 months old ... , , , . . , 20,000 
Red-throat trout, 1 year old . ..i . , 50 
Brown trout, 3 years old ,>>,,,..,.,........ 260 
Brown trout, (5 months old.... 6,000 
Rainbow trout, 3 years old... ...... ... . ...... 200 
Rainbow trout, 4 months old 3,0OD 
Rainbow trout, 4 to 12 years old....,..,..., 30 
Lake trout, 6 months old. 8,000 
39,540 
It is worth a considerable journey to see the big rain- 
bow trout, those put down at from four to twelve years 
old. They are fish that ran up the hatchery stream from 
Keuka Lake and were netted by the hatchery men to be 
used as stock fish. Within a few days I saw them in all 
their glory. The pond was drawn down and a net con- 
fined them in one end of it, and then with a dip net they 
were lifted one at a time over the net which held them, 
Some of the fish were lOlbs. in weight, and all were 
plump, well fed, with all the colors of the breeding sea- 
son. I am not unfamiliar with the coloring of trout at 
the breeding season, but these big rainbows seemed 
brighter than any that I had previously seen. In giving 
the ages of the fish at Caledonia and Bath I have quoted 
from an inventory made on Oct. 1, and therefore at this 
date young fish are two months older than the figures I 
have given. 
Vermont Fishing Rights. 
Anything and everything about fishing and fishing 
rights in the State of Vermont is of interest to me, for I 
have enjoyed some good fishing in that State, which I al- 
ways recall with pleasure, and the only time in my life 
that I was ordered away from a trout stream as a tres- 
passer was in Vermont, At the ti|iie I was fishing from 
