Mauch 13, 1897.J FOREST AND STREAM. 218 
are those of the sheelr aad half- breadth plaas, aud do not 
allow space on the left of the drawing for the body plan, as 
shown in Plate II. If the length of the board will not allow 
of it being thus placed) it may be, as in many of the designs 
in thet'^EEST and Stream, a part of the sheer plan, No 6 
station beiag the center line. This disposition of the body 
plan has the advantage of concentrating the whole drawing, 
and thus facilitating the work. 
The advantages of working on a paper of this size — about 
4ft. long, with a proportionate breadth of 2ft. — are that the 
small parts and fine lines are less complicated; quicker and 
more accurate work may be done with long than with shoH 
splines; the short curves, that are drawn with set curves in- 
stead of battens, may also be more accurately drawn on a 
large scale; and the final errors inlaying clown in the mould 
loft are reduced in proportion as the scale of the original 
drawing is increased. At the same time it is po.ssible to 
make a drawing that is accurate and satisfactory in every 
way on a drawing board not over 2ft. long and 20in. wide; 
the outfit of straightedges, splines, I squares, paper, etc , 
being thus reduced to a much more convenient compass. 
For the larger class of drawings a board about 5ft. long 
and 2ft. 6in. wide is ample. 
A good light is one of the first essentials of the drafting 
room. The board should be placed near a window which 
faces the north, so that at no time of day is the sun directly 
on the drawing. The more light there is, from a skylight or 
.side windows, the better (provided that it can be properly 
shaded), as on cloudy days, or toward the end of the day in 
winter, there will be none too much light at best. The light 
should fall from the left side of the board, and from above. 
In some situations a screen of white paper may be used to 
throw more hghl upon the hoard. 
Drawing by artificial light is much more diSicult, owing 
to the numerous shadows, and more trying to the eyes, and 
should he avoided if possible. The amateur, however, is 
often forced to do his drafting in the evenings. A good 
light of some kind, with a reflector, should be used, and in 
addition wat candles are most useful. Three or four of 
these, in perfect Ij clean candlesticks, may be placed directly 
on the drawing and shifted so as to light any particular spot. 
The simplest arrangement for supporting the board is a 
pair of plain tn sties, such as here shown (Fig 25), which 
FIG 25. 
Trestle, support for Drawing Boanl. 
may he made hy anyone familiar with carpenter's tools. 
The height may be such as to bring the surface of the board 
from 36 to 40in. from the floor, according to the height of 
the draftsman. A better plan is to use a table or a special 
stand about SOin. high, and on this a light framework to 
support the board. This framework may readily be arranged 
so as to be raised at the back, thus inclining the board toward 
the draftsman. On the table and under the drawing board 
is a space for weights, tools, etc., making it an easy matter 
to keep the board itself clear of all encumbrances (Fig. 26). 
It is the general custom to use a board that is fixed both 
laterally and vertically, but no one who has once realized 
the comfort and convenience of a first-class adjustable draw- 
ing table will care to endure any longer the^primitive fixed 
board. The writer has used for a number of years one of 
the smaller and simpler makes of adjustable table, with tilt- 
ing top, but 20x24in. ; this being large enough to support a 
drawing board 42x30in. The board was simply laid on the 
table, tne slight ledge along one edge of the table fitting into 
a groove in the under side of the board. In using a dozen or 
more spline weights of nearly 51bs. each, as was constan'ly 
done, some care was necessary, the clamp controlling the 
tilting of the top had to be set up tight, and the weights had 
to be distributed over the center of the table, and not all 
placed on one corner or one edge. 
This table has more recently given place to one of newer 
and more elaborate construction, and greatly superior. The 
top is 48x30in., carried on a strong central standard, which 
permits it to turn freely. A hinged connection, with strong 
clamp between the top" and standard, admits of the top being 
tdted and secured in any position, from the horizontal to the 
vertical. The standiU-d is arranged with a strong spiral 
spring, which balances it and the top at any height from 34 
to 44in. above the floor, and it can be clamped at any point 
within this range of height, either so as to revolve, or to be 
firmly locked to the base. Eeing moun ed on castors, it can 
be moved at will, as light and other considerations demand : 
by day its place is in a bow window facing N E. by N. ; m 
front of it below the front window is a shelf for splines and 
a lower one for weights; at the right is another shelf for the 
instrument case, inks, etc, with long scales, T squares and 
straightedges hung above on the wall. Beside it stands the 
^mailer and older table, with top 24x30in., a convenient 
place for the small scales, tools, curves, etc., that would 
otherwise cover the drawing. When occasioually used by 
night, it is whcpled ovpr under the rays of a wall lamp, with 
other lamps on a fixed table 
When in use the top is clamped in any conv nii'ut p'^'^i- 
tion; for plotting and small measurements, or drawing bidy 
plan and details, it is raised to a good heigrht, allowin? the 
draftsman to stand erect or sit on a high stool. When draw- 
ing long lines it is lowered, and if these lines are near the 
further edge it is placed very low, so as to allow the draft=!- 
man to reach over easily. (In .similar work at a fixed table 
a movable step 3 or 4in. hiah is necessary.) Sometimes the 
top is tilted shghtly in lettering or figuring, and on occasion 
it is made vertical like an easel, the drawing being pinned 
fast. 
At whatever height it may be, the top is in constant circu- 
lar motion; when a measurement is taken from one part of 
the drawing, a mere touch turns the table and brings another 
part near to the hand; the turning of the top allows all 
FIG. 26. 
A— Drawing Board on Table. 
B— Support for Board, center piece pivoted to raise at back. 
curves, large or small, to be drawn from the jVsjtfe instead of 
from the outside, as already described in a previous chapter. 
It also obviates the necessity of reaching all the way across 
the drawing to draw the lines at the top. One of its greatest 
advantages is the change of position which it permits the 
draftsman to enjoy; after drawing for an hour with the top 
at a certain height it maybe lowered several inches, permit- 
ting a totally diflferent position. Anyone who has spent ten 
consecutive hours over a fixed table will appreciate the bles- 
sings of this scheme. 
The base being comparatively small, the spline weights 
cannot be thrown recklessly around, as on a fixed table, but 
if used with reasonable care there is no difficulty or danger 
in piling on 601bs. or so of lead. It is a great convenience, 
too, when a spline is finally adjusted, to be able to swing the 
table until the light is thrown in exactly the right position 
along the edge of the spline. While the top is made as a 
drawing board, smaller boards can of course be used on it. 
The cost of such a stand, from $15 to |18, is a small item 
when much drawing is done and time is an obji.'Ct. It is not 
practicable to use a revolving top of over 48 to 50in. length, 
a slight disadvantage when the drawing is of the length we 
have given as desirable, but this is a small point against the 
many in its favor. 
A Fresh-Water Challenge Cup. 
The Green Lake Y. C. of Dartford, Wi^., is one of the 
many clnhR established of late years on the numerous small 
lakes of Wisconsin and Minnesota, and devoted to theracing 
of modern yachts of the smaller classes. Theinierlake com- 
petition in the different localities is very strong, and every 
effort is made to secure the fastest and most improved cratt. 
The following explains itself: 
Dartfoed, Wis., Feb. 15. 
The Green Lake Y. C, in its efforts to promote yacht- 
ing intercourse between clubs on Wisconsin lakes, in- 
vite you to participate in a contest for a challenge cup, given 
by the club, under the following rules and regulations, viz.: 
Article I. Name. — This cup shall be called the Green 
Lake Yacht Club Challenge Cup, and is offered as a perpet- 
ual challenge cup for all inland lake yacht clubs of Wiscon- 
sin, to be contested for annually by representatives of the.^e 
clubs. The following regulations shall govern all contests 
for the cup, wherever held: 
Aeticle II. Clubs Eligible for Competition'.— The cup 
shall be subject to challenge from any organized inland lake 
yacht club in the State in good standing having not less than 
twenty active members and not less than three yachts, 
measuring at least 15ft. on the waterline, in ballast without 
crew aboard. 
Article III. Challe>jging.— Application for competition 
shall be made in writing from the secretary of the challeng- 
ing club to the secretary of the club holding the cup, and 
shall be made not later than June 20 of each year. All con- 
testants entering shall sign an agreement in duplicate to 
abide by the rules and regulations governing the cup, one 
copy of which shall be sent to the secretary of the club hold- 
ing the cup and one to the secretary of the Green Lake Y. 
C.,tobe placed on record. Blanks can be had upon ap- 
plication to the secretary of the Green Lake Y. C. 
Article IV. Number of Entries.— Entries from each 
club, including the club holding and defending the cup, 
shall be limited to one boat, to be chosen by the club from its 
registered fleet. 
Article V. Number of Races.— The contests for the 
cup shall consist of three ra.ces. The first two shall be open 
to all challengers, and the third to the winners of the two 
previous races only. The boat wanning two of the three 
races shall take the cup. One of these races .shall be sailed 
over a regular triangular course, and the other over a course 
equivalent in length straight to windward or leeward and 
return, the course to be sailed being determined by the sail- 
ing committee on the day of the race, and the contestants 
notified not less than half an hour before the start of the 
race. 
Article VI. Date of Races.— The first race shall be 
sailed on the first Saturday of August of each year, the sec- 
ond and third on the Monday and Tuesday following, re- 
spectively. 
Article VII. Size of Contesting Y'achtss.— The size of 
the contesting yachts shall not be less than 16ft. nor more 
than 35ft., racing length, as calculated by the measurement 
rule hereinafter specified. 
Article VIIT. Courses. — In arranging contests for the 
cup, clubs shall provide courses of a length of at least eight 
miles and with a depth of unobstructed water over the entire 
course of at least 7ft. 
Article IX. Measurements.— The formula for deter- 
mining racing length shall be as follows: 
L.W.L. + VS.A.^j^^^.^^g Length. 
2 
Yachts shall be measured without crew on board, but in- 
stead thereof, at the time of measurement, a weight of 
ISOlbs. for every 4ft. or fraction thereof exceeding one-half 
of the load waterline shall be placed amidships to represent 
the crew. 
L.W.L. (load waterline) is length on the waterline exclu- 
sive of any part of the rudder or rudder stock ascertained 
when the yacht is afloat, as above, with all fixed ballast in 
proper place and crew aboard. 
S. A. (sail area) shall be the actual spread of canvas carried, 
calculated from measurements taken as per the rules of the 
Green Lake Y. C. 
Article X. Shifting Ballast.— After measurement, no 
shifting of dead ballast before or during a race shall be 
allowed. A weighted centerboard shall be considei-ed fixed 
ballast. No outrigger or other mechanical device for carry- 
ing live ballast outboard shall be allowed 
Article XT. Time Allowance.— The time allowance 
shall be calculated by the Herreshoft" tables. 
Article XII. Crew.— The crew, exclusive of the captain, 
shall be limited to one man for every 4ft. or fraction thereof 
exceeding one-half of the load waterline length. Each con- 
testing boat shall be sailed and manned entirely by active 
amateur members of the club to which the boat belongs. 
Article XIII. Starting.— The judges' boat shall fly flag 
on the after staff upon leaving for the race course, 
said flag to remain hoisted until the race is finished or de- 
clared off. 
The judges' boat, having been brought to the proper posi- 
tion at the starting buoy, shall fire a gun and hoist a flag 
at the forward flagstaff. This signal shall remain in 
position five minutes. At the expiration of that time it 
shall be lowered and a gun fired, which shall be the signal to 
start. 
The time of all boats shall be taken from the signal. 
Article XIV. Racing Committee.— The racing commit- 
tee shall consist of one representative appointed by each con- 
testing club from its membership, they to choose from some 
regularly organized yacht club one additional member, who 
shall act as chairman. 
This committee shall have general charge of races, the 
power to fix the starting time, the time limit, etc., for each 
race, and the appointment of judges and timekeepers. 
Article XV. Judges.— The judges shall be invested with 
the usual powers of such officials and may postpone any race 
at their discretion. 
Article XVI. Reversion.— In case any yacht should dis- 
organize, or fail to comply with all these rules while holding 
the cup, the cup will at once revert to the Green Lake Y. C, 
and the next contest for the same will be held on Green 
Lake. 
Article XVII. Additional Regulations.— Sailing rules 
and regulations not herein especially referred to shall be in 
accordance with the rules of the Green Lake Y. C. 
Article XVIII. Amendments — In presenting this cup to 
the yacht clubs of Wisconsin for competition, the Green Lake 
Y. C. reserves the right to alter or change the regulations 
governing the challenging and sailing for the same. 
George C. Eldredge, 240 La Salle street, Chicago, 
William J. Starr, Eau Claire, Wis., 
Edward Rosing, 115 Monroe street, Chicago, 
ChAS. D. Peacock, Jr., 197 State street, Chicago, 
William H. Haseltine, Sec'y, Ripon, Wis., 
Cup Committee. 
Biscayne Bay Y. C. 
EISCAYNE BAY, FLA.— MONDAY, FEB. 22. 
Eleventh Annual Hegatta. 
The annual regatta of this most Southern of American 
yacht clubs, which was held on Feb. 22, was one of the most 
successful and enjoyable ever sailed on Bi.scayne Bay. The 
day was perfect, with a strong, steady breeze from the south- 
ward, and though the entries were few in number, there 
were enough evenly matched contestants in the several 
classes to make very pretty work. Besides the racing yachts, 
the vicinity of the course was dotted with a score of sail 
boats and launches from the great new Hotel Royal Palm, 
which has been erected and become the center of. all Interests 
in this region since my report of one year ago. 
The racing course was from a stakeboat off the club house 
at Cocoanut Grove up the bay to the black buoy midway 
between Punch Bowl and Bear's Cut; thence to the inner 
Cape Florida Channel Buoy and thence home, making a 12- 
mile triangle. The first leg was run with lifted sheets; the 
second was a thrash to windward against a strong fiood tide, 
and the third a run home. 
Having become tired of complicated measurements involv- ' 
ing mathematical calculations that required a professional 
knowledge of the subject, the regatta comrhittee of this year 
returned to first principles, and doing away with restrictions 
as to crew, ballast or sail, based their time allowance on 
L.W.L. only. For this they allowed Im. to 1ft. for each 10 
miles, with results that proved satisfactory to all hands. 
In Class A, which included schooners and yawls, there 
were but four starters; and in Class B (sloops) there were 
only five; but half a dozen other yachts, too timid or too in- 
ditferent to make formal entry, accompanied the racers over 
the entire course, and so added materially to the beauty of 
the show. 
In the flrst class Com. Munroe's ITtilis, which; is preemi- 
nently the best all-round boat in these waters, easily 
dropped her own competitors, and in spite of her yawl rig 
made things remarkably lively for the sloops of her own 
size. Thus the whole interest of the race centered in the 
windward work of this speedy yawl and the sloops Pelican, 
owned by Paul Ransom, of Buffalo, and Widow, owned by 
Mr. Alfred Peacock, of Cocoanut Grove. The first mark 
was rounded by Pelican, Widow and Utilis in the order 
named. These three able boats were handled to perfection, 
and were so evenly matched that for the first half dozen 
tacks it was a question with the spectators as to which 
would cross the other's bow. At the end of the first tack 
Utilis led; then Widow forged to the front and held a short 
lead over Utilis, with a longer and ever-increasing lead space 
of open water between her and Pelican during the whole of 
the exciting thrash down along the outer banks to the sec- 
ond mark. This was approached by Widow aud Utilis 
