Apbil 17, 1897.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
SIB 
was gone down the stream ]ite a flash of lightning, now 
leaping high iu the air, then circling around the great pool. 
But lie soon discovered the master iiand of an expert angler. 
Owing to the water cress and extending roots the tish could 
not be lauded until after forty five minutes' careful handling. 
It proved to he a lake muskalonge, weighing exactly 49ibs. 
Firmly fastened in its great jawsVere several artificial flies, 
one quickly recognized by Capt. Hasbrook. he dtclaring he 
was -'snagged by the monster." From its stomach were 
taken twenty-one trout, weighing from 4 to lOoz. It is 
hinted that Gunckel will he unanimously elected an honor- 
ary member of the club at its next meeting. 
PENNSYLVANIA ASSOCIATfON. 
Philadelphia, April 11. — Editor Forest and Stream: The 
regular monthly meeting of the Pennsylvania Fish Protect- 
ive Association was held Saturday evening, April 10, at the 
rooDQS, 1020 Arch street, Philadelphia, and was well attended. 
A large number of applications for membership were pre- 
sented, among them the Delaware County Fish and Game 
Protective Association, of Chester; the Bucks County Fish 
Protective .Association, of Doylestown; and the Beaver Falls 
Rod and Gun Club, Beaver Palls. 
Numerous communications were read fromlocal organiza- 
tions throughout the State showing the work accomplished 
in stocking the waters and the protection of fish. 
The executive committee reported having received notice 
of the proposed draining of several of the city reservoirs, and 
said it would continue the work of transplanting bass and 
other fish found therein to adjacent streams, with the 
CO operation of the proper officials of the water department. 
A special committee reported having made considerable 
progress in an efEort to have placed in all the public schools 
of the State charts containing the colored plates of fish 
printed in the annual report of the Fish Commission, 
together with other information for the guidance of the 
youth. 
The legislation committee reported as to the Delaware dam 
hill hearing before Gov. Griggs. 
Mr. Marion G. Sellers delivered an address on "Ply-Fish- 
ing in the Upper Delaware and its Tributaries," concluding 
with a paper upon "Late Developments in the Artificial 
Hatching of Small- mouth Black Bass." 
M. G. Sellers, Sec'y. 
Report of the Legislative Committee of the 
Pennsylvania Fish Protective Association. 
Philaiiklphia, April 10.— Mr. Pi-esddent and Members: Your Leg- 
islative Ccmtnittee reported at the last meeting us efforts at Hari is- 
burg. This monih we have to report the effort which we made at 
Treuton, and our interview •with GoTernor Griggs in presenting ob- 
jections to the New .Jersey bill to allow of the placing of a dam 
across the Delaware Eiver at or near Trenton. 
The members who were present were Marion G. Sellerg, Wm. E. 
Meehan, Howard W. Chase, Bernard L. Iiouredoure, and the chair- 
man of the committee. Dr. Bushrod W. James. 
We had a pleasant and generous reception from the Governor, who 
accorded us full time to express our opposition to the bill. 
Mr. Meehan was also the representative of the Pennsylvania and 
United States fish commissioners and of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia; he presented their objections and stated 
that the objections to it were two-fold: (1) The destruction of the 
fisheries, and (S) that valuable franchises were being given without 
any compensation, either for the franchise or the Injury done the 
fisheries. He aamitted that the corporations interested would bene- 
fit, and that the manufacturers and those who used the power would 
be benefited, but held that these benefits would be more tban 
counterbalanced by the financial and other losses to the pecple 
of four States. The destruction of fish by these dams, he 
argued, was not speculation, but could be proved, and the three 
bodies that he represented stated positively that the shad industry 
would practically be destroyed. It was true that the bill provides 
tor fishwayg, but experience shows that such fishways were not 
entirely eliective for shad. Proof of this was had in the Susque- 
hanna. There some years ago, when that river was far more 
profitable than the Delaware, a large dam was built at Columbia 
from shore to shore, and others placed above, and immediately the 
shad industry above there stopped. Fishways were erected, but the 
shad refused to go up them in any quantity. Three hundred was the 
number of shad caught the following year, and the greatest number 
ever caught since while the dam was entire was 3,000. The shad is a 
very timid creature, and seems to look upon fishways as traps. But 
even if they did go through freely, the bill would still be objection- 
able and cause injury to the fisheries on account of the canals and 
raceways which might be built. The young fish spent their early 
days in the upper river, and on their way down are drawn into the 
race or canal ways and would be killed by the million. Many com- 
plaints, he said, had been received by both the Pennsylvania and 
New Jersey commissions of ithe few raceways that even now exist. 
The Pennsylvania Commission has a staiion at Bristol, hatcbing 
about 8.000,0 0 annually, and the United States Commission hatches 
about 30,000,001) young shad at Gloucester. If the bill passed, the 
Bristol hatcbery would have to be abolished, and it would only be a 
little time when the United States would follow suit at Gloucester. 
Last year the value of shad in the Delaware, at the nets, was halt a 
million of dollars, of which $30,000 worth was above the Trenton 
Falls. This represen s a million and a quarter dollars at the con- 
sumer's price. Five million pounds of fish were caught and 15, 00,0. 0 
people fed. Then, too. an infant fish industry is threatened, namely 
the Atlantic salmon, a fish that now sells for 60 cents per pound at 
the nets— ice greatest food tish known. Two thousand pounds were 
caught last year, the second year of the run, and inside of twenty- 
five years it will be a profitable industry. 
Mr. Meehan read a letter from Commissioner Brice, of the L^niled 
States Fish Commission, in which it was stated that if the bih becanie 
a law the United States woulrl stop the salmon work in the Delaware. 
It was then arfjued that no franchise such as the bill proposed should 
be given without heavy money payment, and that large payments 
should be exacted for the injuries done to the fish mdustries; yet not 
|1 was offered. There was no dire necessity for the dam. Id vio- 
lated the treaty between Pennsylvania and New Jersey of 187c<, pro- 
viding that the maintenance and increase of fisheries was Ear more 
important than the erection of dams. 
Dr. Busbrod W. James called the Governor's attention to the fact 
that there was a joint State agreement between New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania, made many years ago. That they should always main- 
tain the Delaware as an open stream by mutual legislation, and tbai 
one of the most important rights of either State was the maintenance 
of this compact, and that we of Pennsylvania feel tbat by givmg 
corporate rights and privileges and conirol to any company at any 
poiut on the stream, we would be deprived of our just righ"is in the 
use of this public waterway, which is the equivalent of a highway 
upon land. 
He also stated that the Pennsylvania Fish Protective .Society bad 
been working for flfteen years to have the Delaware River proijerly 
pro ected b^ good laws and the food fish allowed freer access to their 
spawning grounds in ihe upper waters of its tributaries. 
•'UHVinfi obtained this aesirable end by statutes adopted by the 
Legislatures of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and the products of 
the stream thereby becoming more valuable from the increasea sup- 
ply of shad, and m time no doubt by the salmon, which are increas- 
ing, we are confronted with tnis inimical bill, which destroys ah the 
efforts we have made We of your sister State look to the executive 
of New Jersey to prevent this uisaslrous result from occurring and 
to maintain the neighborly relations which we have thus far en- 
joyed." 
Dr, James said that the Ai^sociation which he represented was com- 
posed of members-from all parts of the State of Pennsylvania, and 
thai; their sole object was to see that good laws were maiie to protect 
all the streams ol our State as well as the border stream— the Dela- 
ware River. It not or ly aimed to have tae best laws enacted, but 
desired to defeat bad legislation wherever it presented itself in this 
direction. We have no private interests to subserve. 
Gov, Griggs inquired whether our organization had not a commer- 
cial interest in the products of the river, to which Dr. James and Mr.- 
Sellers both replied that there was none whatever. That their whole 
object was to see that good legislation was obtained and maintained 
for the protection of the si reams which they helped to populate with 
good and valuable food fish. 
Dr. .Tames called the attention of the Governor to the fact that giv- 
ing control of any part of the river to a corporation carried with it 
the contents of the stream, hence all the food fish value would be 
practically given to the corporation erecting the dam. 
Pennsylvania furnished annually from the Bristol hatchery alone, 
and New Jersey from the Gloucester hatchery, millions of small-fry 
food fish for propagation in the upper streams of the Delaware. 
It is now proposed to give this value of the present and the great 
prospective future value to a private corporation, which we 
believe on an open navigable river it has no right to ob'ain, the river 
being, as stated, an open American waterway subject to the Govern- 
ment control. 
He also took strong grounfl from a sanitary standpoint, that as the 
waters of the rirer might be needed for the larger towns and cities 
along the Delaware River, in the future, that it was hardly the neigh- 
borly act to contaminate the water by damming it up and making 
slack water of a now quite rapidly running stream. Sanitarians all 
Isnow tbat in order to maintain a stream free from impurities and 
deleterious accumulations the water must be kept in constant agita- 
tion and exposure thereby to the atmosphere. At Philadelphia we 
already take a quantity of the Delaware water for the northeastern 
district of the city. 
Now this water right corporation will no doubt contaminate tke 
water which we are obliged to use by damming it back as slack 
water, and not only making it still water, but will fill it with malarial 
products by covering over many thousands of acres of land now 
under tillage, and which is saturated with soil decomposition. 
This covering of these areas with slack water will undoubtedly fill 
the water with a vast amount of decomposed vegetable matter, so 
much so as to produce a widely diffused malarial mfluence, not only 
locally here in and about Trenton and far above it, but the water will 
be greatly impregnated by these vegetable decompositions which will 
be taken up by the water, and especially so in dry seasons of the year, 
when the stream is low and its borders exposed. 
Persons along the border of the stream above the dam will cer- 
tainly be more or less affected by these contaminating malarious 
germs. 
As friends and neighbors in friendly relation with you and the peo- 
ple of your State, we urge with all of our energies the careful con- 
sideration of this whole matter by your Escellenc.y, and we trust that 
the bill may fce set aside and the injurious influence which it will 
doubtless exert, if it becomes a law, thereby averted. 
Mr. Marion G. Sellers traced the shad industry from 1882, when at 
least 500 weirs were m use in the Delaware Elver from and above 
Trenton, at which time the valuation of the catch was about $62,000. 
He laid particular stress upon the hard and persistent effort carried 
on by the Association for fifteen years to clear the river and increase 
the product to a valuation of more than half a million annually. 
The Delaware was practically cleared in 1893, since which time this 
great increase has been brought about. 
He then contrasted this condition with the Susquehanna River to 
show the ruin that must follow if the Delaware is dammed. Also 
that fishways would not open the upper reaches of the river (the 
natural spawning grounds) to shad; experience with the Susquehanna 
had proven this; then again the lormation of sand bars and the 
accumulation of debris render them Inoperative. 
Mr. Howard A. Chase spoke of the overwhelming public sentiment 
in Philadelphia and throughout the State against the bill, as voiced 
not only by the newspaper press, but by societies and associations 
that had taken action, including city councils. He also told the Gov- 
ernor that the member.-* of the Legislature from Philadelphia were 
opposed to the bill, and while expressing confidence that the measure 
would be defeated at Harri.^burg, he asked the Governor to aid us in 
this good work by vetoing the New Jersey bill. He also touched 
lirietly on the broad and sweeping rights and privileges granted to 
corporations by this bill, especially the right of eminent domain, 
which is contrary to the spirit of our institutions. He also referred 
to the privileges granted in the bill for consolidation by leasee or 
otherwise of the various companies that might be organized under i s 
provisions, which would result in a gigantic monopoly. 
The same arguments were made before the Senate Committee on 
Heat, Light and Water of the Pennsylvania Legislature, at Harris- 
burg, March 16, 1897. 
The Knack of Fly-Casting. 
Mr Andrew Englert, the Castalia Club's keeper, is 
certainly one of the most successful fly- casters of tlie times. 
"Wbat is fly-casting?" 1 asbed him, as he stood looking over 
the meadow stream. 
"Well, to get right at the point," replied Andy, "fly- 
casting is a very simple movement and not a flourish. Tlie 
elbow is kept down at the side, the forearm moving only a 
little, and most of the work is done by the wrist. Holding 
the rod by the 'grip,' the part of the butt wound with silk 
or rattan to assist the grasp, one finds that the reel, which is 
just below the 'grip,' aids in balancing the rod. The reel is 
underneath in casting, After hooking a fish, many anglers 
turn their rods so as to bring the reel to the upper side, thus 
letting the strain of the line come upon the rod itself instead 
of upon the rings or ferrules. Now," continued Andy, with 
right foot in advance, "for the first cast, take the end of the 
line, like this, in the left hand, and bring the rod upward 
and backward until the line is taut; as you release the line 
the spring of the rod carries the line backward. This is the 
back cast. Then comes an instant pause, while the line 
- straightens itself out behind, and ttien with a firm motion 
of the wrist, helped a little by the forearm, the rod is 
thrown forward and the line flies easily out in 
front. Begin with a Une once or once and a half 
as long as the rod and lengthen it out by de- 
grees. The main points to be remembered are to keep the 
elbow at the side, to train the wrist, to move the rod not too 
far forward or back, always to wait until the line is straight 
behind on the back cast, and to make sure that in this case 
the line falls no lower than your head, a process which it 
will take time to accomplish. Now, notice the pull when 
the 'Man from Maine' caught his large fish a few years 
since." 
In less time than it takes to write, Mr. Englert was peace- 
fully playing one of those big fellows that has toyed with 
Oswald's and Waite's flies for many years. Just as Andy 
was dropping the speckled beauty into his creel Dr. Beeman 
approached, his face beaming with smiles. "I got 'm this 
time," he said. Sure enough, he laid upon the ground 
eighteen very fine trout. Mr. Eoglert whispered, "I caught 
these for him before he started out this morning." The 
largest weighed lOoz. 
"I have fished in Florida waters and caught all kinds of 
fish," said the Doctor, "but there is more romance and the 
finer feelings of man are more easily aroused through the 
strike of one of these wiry fellows than the tugging of a 
Pensacola shark or a leaping tarpon. 1 am going home and 
will begin at once writing a book, in two volumes, 'What 1 
Enow About Ply Casting; or. The Recollections of a Busy 
l.\ie."'—loledo Bee. 
A Liate Connecticut Trout. 
Waterbury, Conn., April 5.— Upon preparing for a 
pleasiug repast a number of trout that I caught in this neigh- 
borhood a few days since, I was surprised to find quite 
well developed spawn in one of them. Such an occurrence 
never before having come to my observation at this season of 
the year, I would ask if it is not something very unusuarr' 
F. S. L. 
[Yes, it is unusual ; but such untimely fish are occasionally 
reported ] 
Salmon Fishing for Sale. 
Freehold, on the best fishing waters of the southwest Miramichi 
River (Burnt Hill). For terms and particulars apply to Thomas J. 
Conroy, 38 John street, New York ciij.—Adv. 
Clammy Truth. 
Editor Forest aiid Stream: 
Here is a cutting from the London IrutJi, descriptive of 
"the Atnerican way of cooking clams:" 
First place them in salt and water to remove all sand ; have ready 
a basin of batter (beaten eggs and flour); take the clams from the 
water and drain them on a cloth; dip each into the batter and then 
pop them into a pan of boiling fat; drain on kitchen paper. Arrange 
on an ornamental fish paper; decorate with small bunches of young 
watercress, as the fish are of a pink shade. These flsh congregate In 
hundreds and go down to the shore to throw off their shells; they are 
then collected and sold by the fishmonger as a great dainty to epi- 
cures. The flsh are dormant, although alive, and are insensible to the 
process of cooking. 
This gives us such new and valuable information concern- 
ing the natural history of the clam that it seemed to me Mr. 
Cheney should be put in possession of the startling facts here 
first disclosed concerning the frolicsome and peculiar habits 
of the festive clam. Russel Headley. 
FIXTURES. 
BENCH SHOWS. 
April 14-17.— Los Angeles.— Southern California Kennel Club. 
FIELD TRIALS. 
Sept. 6. Manitoba Field Trials Club, iitorris, Man. 
Nov. 2 — Monongahela Valley Game and Fish Protective AsEOCi- 
ation's trials, Greene county. Pa. 
Nov. 8. CJoion Field Trials Club's trial?, Carlisle, Ind. 
Nov. Ib.-E, h\ T. Club's trials, Newton, N. C. 
LANGUAGE USED IN ADDRESSING DOGS 
A VERT interesting treatise, entitled "The Language Used 
in Talking to Domestic Animals," is that which was read to 
the Anthropological Society, of Washington, March 3, by 
Prof. H Carriogton Bolton, Ph.D. There is enumerated in 
it a surpiising multiplicity of terms used in communicating 
with the lower animals, and still more surprising is the ac- 
curacy with which they learn the terms and understand 
them. Horses, oxen, shtep, goats, swine, cat=, poultry, etc., 
each have a knowledge of a certain limited language which 
is associated with certain needs and acts. The following is 
specially devoted to the dog, and is an excerpt taken from 
the treatise afore-mentioned : 
The superior intelligence of dogs and their constant close 
companionsbip with man enable them to comprehend the 
ordinary forms of speech to a surprising extent. The words 
used often acquire a special significance, being adapted to 
secure definite action on the part of the animal under train- 
ing. 
English literature at an early period contains many allu- 
sions 10 the terms used in controlling dogs. Halliwell quotes 
the following hunting cry to dogs: 
"Thai halowyd there howndys with how 
In holtis herde I never soche hew." 
—MS. Douce S03, f. SU. 
The same authority gives another cry in hunting: 
"Now is the fox driven to hole, hoo to hyni, hoo! 
For and he crepe out he wiUe you all undo." 
— Excerpta kistorica, p. S19. 
In Scotland shepherds incite their dogs to pursue sheep by 
tht ciy hoto sheep; how is sa,id to be related to the Islandic 
hoa (Jamieson). Another term, for the same purpose, is 
thus referred to by Sir Walter Scott: "Little Wasp barks at 
Dinmount, who cries while half asleep: 'Hoy Yarrow, man 
far yaud, far-yaud,' imagining he was calling to his sheep- 
dog and hounding him (Guy Mannering, ch. 48). 
la the chorus of the tamous old hunting song, 'A South- 
erly Wind and a Cloudy Sky," the terms hoyke and hark for- 
ward are applied to foxhounds: 
Drag him on, hoyke, wind him, my steady old hound. 
Drag him on, hoyke, wind him, tne coverts resound, 
Cborus to the next verse. 
Hark-forward, hark-forward, hark-forward, brave boys, 
Hark-forward, hark -forward. Zounds ! don't make a nolse^ 
Chorus to the last verse. 
Hark, Diummer, hark, hark. Tuner, hark, Tuner, 
He's dodging and jumping at every bush. 
Old Vixen has fastened her tooth in his brush. 
"Whoop! tear him, whoop! tear him, he's fatrly run down- 
Whoop, tear him, whoop, tear him ; give Joe his half crown. 
The chorus to a song by O'Keefe contains further excla- 
mations used in controlling foxhounds : 
With a hey, ho, chivy, 
Hark-toiward, hark-forward, tantivy, 
Hark, hark, tantivy. 
This day a stag must die. 
The chorus in the "B'ox Chase" has analogous expressions: 
Tally ho, tally ho, 
After reyuard we go. 
While echo on echo 
Re Joubles the song. 
And in the same song occurs the word yoix: 
Yoix, yols, tally ho. 
In England trainers of pointers and setters use a number 
of words having special significance. Thus to cause the dog 
to lie down the word of command is given, doion, or, doion- 
eharge, also ch'irgej to come to the master's heel and remain 
there the order is, heel; to gallop forward, hold up; to abstain 
from taking food placed near, or to slop running in to birds, 
the peculiar term tuho is used ; lo prevent the dogs Irom 
breaking fence, the order is ware fence, and to come back 
from chasing cats, poultry, hares, etc., loare chase; to pre- 
vent the dog from chasing furred animals the order is ware 
fur, or to stop the chase of bitds, tcare feather. The ab- 
breviation of beware to 'ware is obvious. All these expres- 
sions bear out my remarks on the dignified speech used by 
man toward dogs. Of another character are the common 
ejaculations stto encomage a dog to watchfulness, and stu- 
boy to order a dog to seize another animal or a person. 
bttady, dead bird, bring 'em in, Me on, are words of common 
speech; so is sich-'em, a corruption of "seek-iiim," .Jamieson 
records the term loho-yand as used in Lanarkshire to make 
dogs pmsue horses. At the deatli of the chase, hunters cry, 
whoo-up (Halliwell). . 
In southern United States almost every hunter has a 
special language for his own dog, so that the animal will 
