S14 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
hot hunt for any one unfamiliar with the peculiar com- 
inands. 
6ome of the calls for "Come here" used hy different na- 
tionalities sound strangely to Anglo-Saxon ears, but are 
merely corruptions of the words "come" and "come here*' in 
the given languages. Thus the Cherokee Indians cry 7m/i, 
him, to call their dogs to the person, Iimi being derived from 
h'ani, meaning "here." In lilte manner the Polish call 
kotdlmid simply means "come here." 
. It is, interesting to note that in Bohemia, Denmark, Cour- 
land (Russia) and even in Prussia the natives address dogs in 
the French language, even when otherwise ignorant of it. 
For example, allez—go on ; start on the chase ; marclie— 
get away; o.pporis — bring, and couche — lie down. In East 
Prussia couche becomes kuscli, identical in sound, and is used 
in combination with German, as kmeli-dich (for miicTie-M), 
"lie down." 
The absolute dependence on dogs by the several tribes of 
the Eskio3o race is well known. The natives at Point Bar- 
row urge forward their dog teams with two cries; a man or 
VFoman runs before the animals crying tuUa, and another 
man runs behind the team calling coo. To call a dog to the 
person the Esl<itno cr j an, which also means "yes." In 
ordering dogs they use the third person, saying, for ex- 
ample, "Let him lie down^' (communicated by Mr. John 
Murdoch) 
\ jThe Eskimo of Baffin Land cry yatit, also yowkm Icoksa, 
and 7mee to urge on dogs; to direct them to the right they 
exclaim oioa, 6wa, ya-dic; and to the left, clioia, clioia, yd,, 
choi; to stop the animals they call o o o-oa (communicated by 
Dr. Franz Boas). 
Mr. W. H. Gilder, of New York, who has traveled exten- 
sively in the Arctic regions of both hemispheres, sent me an 
interesting letter, from which I make the following extracts: 
"The Eskimo of North America have no domestic animals 
except dogs, and in calling them they say Juir-hdr hdr in a 
low tone, pausing a long time between each word, or rather 
repeating it at intervals as often as necessary to gain the dog's 
attention and secure his obedience. In the sled there is 
always one well-trained dog for a leader— one which under- 
stands the word of command; but it is at no lime a very 
easy matter to make the animals mind. They are often obsti- 
nate or unruly, and about the best a driver can do is to get 
them to go somewhere near the direction he would have 
them go, The word to the right is why-ah-imr Mr; the ah 
is short, but strongly accented, as is also the last syllable. 
To the left is ah rroot, the first syllable long, the a as" in far, 
and the r rolled somewhat. The Eskimo use a whip with a 
handle about 18in. long and a lash from 18 to iOft. in length. 
"The Indians and the half-breeds, as well as the trappers 
of the Hudson Bay Co.'s service generally, have a man to 
run ahead to lead the dogs where a track has not been bro- 
ken. If there is a track the dogs will follow it, but it keeps 
them up better to be led by a man. The driver constantly 
calls the dogs by name, or throws pieces of sticks at them to 
keep them at work. 
"The Tchoucktchis of Siberia as well as the Russians of 
Kamtchatka say to their dogs tok4ok, to go to the right, 
neither syllable accented ; to go to the left they say nah nah, 
the a as in hat. The Tchoucktchis use a stick 8 or 4it long^ 
shod with iron, terminating with a point, which can be ap' 
plied as a brake to stop the sled ; it usually has some iron 
rings at the top which jingle when shaken, and urges the 
dogs to greater exertion, and it reminds them of the skill 
with which the driver can throw it and hit any dog in his 
team. The driver recovers the stick without leaving his seat 
as the sled glides past on the snow. 
"In driving reindeer the animals are guided by a rein and 
not by the voice. The rein comes back to the driver upon 
the sled from the base of the antlers of the off animal, and 
the near one has his halter tied to the antlers of his mate. A 
steady pull means go to the right, and a series of jerks indi- 
cate the left. In starting, the driver always leads the team 
for a few steps, and then they break into a trot., the driver 
jumping on the sled as it comes past him. 
"In driving herds of domestic reindeer the natives con- 
stantly shout choTD-chm, and it was this expression that the 
Cossack conquerors of the country heard and finally cor- 
rupted into Tchoucktchis (pronounced chook elite). 
"The horses in northern Siberia belong to the Yakouts. 
In driving or riding they guide them with a pair of reins, 
and urge them forward with the cry Mii, hut, hut, repeated 
three limes as written, the first word in a moderate tone, the 
second louder, and the third with a very strong accent. In 
traveling with these people you hear this cry all day. To 
stop the horses the driver blows his breath forcibly through 
his lips, which are closed, but relaxed, making a peculiar 
rattling sound difficult to express in writing." 
So far Mr. Gilder's Interesting letter. I suggest symboliz- 
ing the sound alluded to in the last paragraph by the letters 
prrrr. The items about horses and reindeers are not exactly 
in place in this section, but it seemed best to preserve the 
letter as a whole. 
In German-sptaking countries, besides the French already 
named, the following language is used. To call dogs to feed, 
cla, da, and za, za, ed are of much antiquity, occurring in 
Tristan, thirteenth century (Grimm). A common com- 
mand used to-day in East Prussia to urge a dog to seize 
another one or a person is /ass/ sometimes strengthened by 
the prefix alle (from allons); thus, allefass. To drive dogs 
away the word is w/We/igm, which is an abbreviation of will 
er heim. Dogs are ordered to lie down, after pointing, by 
the expression ti-l)o (tee-bo). 
In the Tyrol dogs are Mimmoned to the person with the 
call d^; dd, dd; driven olt with Jiuss, huss, and ordered to 
ktep quiet, unieri, gehst hinteri ! 
In Denmark dogs are urged to attack a person by the cry 
pooss, or sook, soak. In Norway dogs are called by the chirp 
psp. In Bulgaria by the cry ktits-chti, and driven away by 
sehit. 
in southern Finland dogs are called hj prisse, and driven 
off with knsli. 
In those provinces of Russia on the Baltic where the 
natives speak the Lettish dialect dogs are called to the per- 
son with 86, se, and kuts, kuts, or kutso, kutso; but if they are 
called to feed the term is Ink, lak. They are driven olf with 
aa-lauka, sa-lauka {lauka — without). Young puppies, how- 
ever, are called with tsehu, tschu. 
In lUyria dogs are called to tne person with mka, mka, and 
na, na. They are driven away with as, osa, and cuki, cuke. 
Puppies, however, are called With j?s and kue, and driven off 
with sibe. 
In Poland and the other Russian provinces where Polish is 
spoken a variety of terms is used to control dogs. They are 
called to the person by na, tu, iu, tu, "to" meaning "here"; 
also by na, ty, ty, and by pojd,s, tu. In Podolia the call is m, 
^c, w. in Lublin the cQiamon cry is m, nd, naU-l^U. 
Dogs are driven from the person witlia/i^^, adia., m^agrusj 
in Lublin with a-ha, pojdsies. 
In urging dogs to attack man and animals the terms vary 
with the animal to be seized. The general command is /w/s 
ffo or gryz go, sometimes pyf; to attack hogs, Jmzie sioe, also 
mi sioi;; to attack geese, gaz gaz szukaj, the latter word mean- 
ing "seek"; to attack hens, szukajkur; to attack cattle, szukaj 
byd.Iii; also '/i-ieddj ta, M-t'tl ila, sd, sa, sa: 
In the Rnthenian dialect dogs are driven frorh the person 
with atsdieebd / 
In Turkey and Greece dogs are ignoble animals; and a,rfe 
spurned by men rather than called. In Greece they . dtfe 
driven off with the cry hosse, and urged to attack eadh other 
by too-too-toore. In Van, Turkey, they are driven off with 
guch and osht; but Kurds use werre; and the animals are 
urged to attack each other with kusJi, kush, p^m, and with 
ha guee. 
In Spain the common call to dogs to approach the person 
is nJm-cJw (pronounced tchu-tcho), or tus-tus; from the latter 
we have the saying: "A perro vie jo no hay tus-tus." It is 
useless to call tnn-tus to an old dog, i. e., "You can't catch an 
old bird with chaff." In some provinces ius becomes ms. 
In the same country they frighten or drive away dogs with 
the ejaculations ^je and zu (pronounced ayhay and thah). 
In Japan the natives call dogs by names given in conse- 
quence of some peculiarity of the individual, as the color of 
their hair, and if a dog has red hair he is called by the word 
for red; but foreign dogs are called kame, ka/riie, which con- 
veys two meanings— one is "that dog," and the other is 
"come" (.communicated by Mr. H. Ichikawa). 
In the Zulu language the exclamation tyi tyi is used to set 
on dogs, and this joives rise to a verb "tyityi zela" — to set on 
as dogs (Colenso's Zulu-English Dictionary), 
Professor Hans Oertel, to whom I am greatly indebted 
for voluminous correspondence exhibiting philological eru- 
dition, sends me an amusing incident with regard to a term 
used in South Africa,. Herr .Joest, writing of his travels in 
Africa in 1883, says: "The traveler in South Africa hears 
daily and hourly the singular word futsekk, which means 
take yourself away ! get out! and is used by persons of all 
nations chiefiy to dogs, though occasionally in personal inter- 
course. This word is so widely and constantly used that an 
English globe-trotter, after some weeks' sojourn at the Cape, 
wrote in his journal as follows : 'In Africa all dogs are called 
futnekk, and it is very remarkable that when you call them 
they always run away.' " Herr Joest points out, however, 
ihhi ftitsekk is a contraction of the Dutch words "voort, zeg 
ik"— tnat is, Fort, sage ich (or in English, "Go away, I say"). 
JACK. 
New York. — Editor Forest and Stream: Ajs our thoughts 
revert to days long past/they are associated with events that 
have left the deepest impressions. To the sportsman his 
success with gun and rod is lived over and over during 
many a pleasant reverie. 
In the 703 Jack was my constant companion, skirting hill, 
dale and brier copse in quest of "Bob White" during the 
crisp November days— days when the stubbles glistened in 
the morning sunlight like radiant jewels; days when the 
little brooklets struggled against the embrace of the ice king; 
days when the highways were flint-like in their hardness, and 
the dead leaves fluttered beneath our feet on every pathway 
in the woodland. Such glorious, delightful days ; no weighty- 
cares or responsibilities rested upon us then and we were free 
to commune with all wild things in nature. 
When Jack was but four months old he was given oc- 
casional rambles in nearby stubbles, and at this early age 
gave promise of great things. His education became a pleas- 
ure and when November came we were both ready for busi- 
ness. Through the five or six years that followed, Jack and 
I were almost inseparable, and many were the brown-backed 
beauties that found a quiet resting place in the pockets of 
my shooting jacket. 
On the daj-s when my "shooting clothes" were not on, 
Jack would look the picture of disgust and scarcely notice 
me, and after a number of inexcusable misses he would lose 
all interest in life, then look up and say (in dog language), 
"You're off to-day, go home and take a lest." 
One of our days in '79 stands out as the red-letter day of 
my boyhood. It was late in November and the morning sky 
was filled with black, murky clouds from which oozed a 
heavy mist, and the outlook was far from encouraging. 
This weather had been preceded by much rain 
Having been housed up during this period, Jack and I 
were both anxious to take the kinks out of our legs. At 
midday the clouds parted and the sun soon shone in all his 
brightness. We haste to the stubbles, and with what zest 
does Jack range far and wide, with head high in air, nos- 
trils distended to catch the delicious aroma that tells of the 
hiding place of the mottled covey. .Jack has suddenly dis- 
appeared from view. Ah! there he stands quivering in 
every limb, his eyes rolling as his head is turned from side 
to Side, body rigid ; but his actions betoken that the birds 
are lying all about him. Advancing cautiously, the birds 
are flushed and two reports ring out in quick succession. 
One bird is seen to fall and is soon retrieved in faultless style, 
the covey is marked as well as the laggara that seemed hard 
hit with the second barrel. On entering cover this bird is 
soon found quite dead. A double on the first rise fills both 
dog and humer with joy. One more is scored here and we 
hie on to other fields unown to be prolific. Through the 
piney woods, where our footfalls are as noiseless as on a 
carpeted floor, beyond the deep shadows to the old road, and 
then the broad fields on either hand invite us to exploration. 
Acre after acre is crossed and quartered by Jack without a 
find; one more corner is to be run, and as he enters this 
likely-looking spot his pace is slackened and the advance is 
now made with cat like tread. He halts, now advances and 
suddenly becomes statuesque. With heart beating like a 
sledge hammer, I steady my nerves by a powerful effort and 
advance on the quarry. Ahl one bird is down and the 
cloud of smoke (black powder) prevents use of the second 
barrel. With what a delighted look is this bird laid in my 
hand and how affectionate is my caress as a reward. These 
birds drop in a little ravine bordered by birches, and in less 
than fifteen minutes five more birds are brought to bay over 
four points, one double being scored. Perfect work and 
shooting of the same order; how seldom it happens thus. 
After drawing many fields blank we locate a covey in tall 
weeds near a large swamp and succeed in making a quick 
double. What pleasure can be compared to such days 
afield? After gathering in three more denizens of wood and 
field we retrace our steps. 
The sun was now sinking behind the hills, flooding hill 
and dale with soft and rosy light. A few fleecy clouds 
floated liere and there, cold aod somber where hanging iu the 
shadows, but warm and glistening where pierced by the 
fast dying sun. Quiet reigned, save for the barking of a 
dog on a nearby farm and the shrill whistle of a locomotive 
far away. Jack was seemingly content "at heel," while I 
was lost in admiration of the beautiful twilight. As we 
reached a thicket adjoining a rail fence, which was neces- 
sary for us to surmount. Jack began sniffing the air in an in- 
terested way. On reaching the fence he suddenly stopped, 
while in the act of jumping, with his front feet on the top 
rail. Rigid as a sphinx he stood; and how I loved him at 
that moment. This picture now stands as vividly before me 
as though it were but yesterday. As the birds flushed they 
rose high in air and were clearly outlined against the rose- 
ate sky, At the gun's flash a thud was heard and one more 
beauty joined his fellows in my capacious game pocket. 
Fqurieen quad, and but fifteen shots fired is a record never 
since equaled by myself, and Jack was largely responsible 
for my success. Every bird was pointed and retrieved by 
him, and his work was of the most perfect character. Dear 
old -Jack has gone to the happv hunting grounds, being car- 
ried off by poison before his time. May the miscreant who 
administered it some day meet his just punishment. As 
Jack lay cold in death he was wet with my tears, and then 
his body was tenderly laid to rest. 
The years have passed in quick succession, and many 
days have been spent afield — North, South, East and West — 
but none have given the same exquisite pleasure as when 
Jack was my companion way down in "Jersey." 
E. H. GOODNOTOH. 
POINTS AND FLUSHES. 
A French bull dog club was organized in New York city 
on April 5. They decided that the bat ear is the correct 
type of ear. Twenty-one members comprise the number of 
the new club. Officers were elected as follows: President, 
Walter W. Watrous; Vice-President, G. N. Phelps; Treas- 
urer, R. H. Hunt; Secretary, J. R. Buchah; Executive 
Committee, Blakely Hall, J. L. Kernochan, R. H. Hunt, G. 
L. Ronalds, Jr., G. N. Phelps, J. R. Buchan, W. W. Wat- 
rous. The following was adopted ; 
"The French bull dog should have the appearance of an 
active, intelligent, muscular dog, smooth coated, compactly 
built, and of small stature. 
"The size of mature dogs to he 231bs., and thatof mature 
bitches 201 bs. 
"The ears, as shall hereinafter be known as the bat ears, 
shall be large in size, being broad at the base, well elongated, 
with rounded tops. They should beset high in the head, but 
not too close together, and carried erect, with the orifice 
plainly visible from the front. * * * 
"Dock tails, mutilated ears, and other than bat ears shall 
be disqualified." 
The Manitoba Field Trials Club has been fortunate in se- 
curing the consent of Mr, Thomas Johnson to act as judge 
at the club's forthcoming trials on chickens. As an expert 
in such matters he ranks with the best, besides having a 
natural firmness and decision of character which will make 
his office respected. 
Beagle owners should keep in mind that the National 
Beagle Club of America's Produce Stakes have limitations 
beginning on April 20. For full information address the 
secretary, Mr. George W. Rogers. 
heeling. 
FIRST LESSONS. 
Learmno to ride a bicycle is, in one essential at least, like 
training a wild beast, as it is a contest in which success is 
largely a matter of will power and in which advance can 
only be made by keeping the upper hand over your intract- 
able subject. It is of vital importance that the rider realizes 
that he is master, and if his mount develops a tendency to 
get the best of him he should stop his lesson then and there 
and not begin again till he can go at the thing with the re- 
quisite determination and fearlessness. 
Fear is fatal to success. If you are afraid of your bicycle 
the bicycle will detect it to a certainty and turn upon and 
rend you just as the wild animal turns upon his trembling 
trainer. On the other hand, if you keep your wits about you, 
and a wholesome contempt for the inanimate thing upon 
whose subjugation you have determined, learning is easy. 
* » 
It is one thing to ride in a bicycle school and quite another 
thing to ride on the street. On the street, even when the 
course is clear and the danger of collision with moving objects 
at a minimum, the surface varies to such an extent that the 
bicycle school graduate can only get along with the greatest 
difficulty and he often feels that he has to learn all over 
again. 
Dry asphalt furnishes the easiest surface for him to try at 
first and next to that macadam, but even on such roads he is 
bothered by the constantly changing grade. Hills are some- 
thing not previously dreamed of in his philosophy, and 
when he tries to climb them he is like a man in a nightmare 
who ought to be able to down his difficulties, but who feels; 
as if his hands were tied and his efforts impotent. 
Bicycle school instructors know of the troubles their 
pupils encounter when first beginning outdoor riding, and 
generally advise a few street lessons. These finishing les- 
sons are really the most important part of pupils' bicycle 
education; but many fail to realize this, and as a result de- 
velop an unnecessary timidity out of doors and make slow 
progress. 
In France people are more logical, and they endeavor 
from the start to fit the learner for the actual conditions he 
will encounter when thrown upon his own resources in the 
outer world. The level-headed Frenchmen conduct their 
pupils through a series of advancing grades, which suggest 
actual outside conditions as nearly as possible. As soon as- 
the pupil has learned to balance and turn on a flat riding, 
ground he is tested with mild inchnes, which, when sur-- 
mounted, are exchanged for steeper grades and rougher' 
surfaces, until the rider is finally taught to pedal up and' 
doWn actual hills and la pronounced fit for the road. 
Hill climbing presupposes some knowledge of anklework, 
which is the keystone of successful cycling; but, as a rule, 
this nicety of wheeling is entirely overlooked in our Ameri- 
eaa schools, Tbe rider is simply taugbt tg jnount, to bal-- 
