484 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
,D TOTE 19. 1897. 
NEW BRUNSWICK'S ATTRACTIONS. 
The Board of Trade of New Brunswick recently offered a 
prize of $100 for the best paper descriptive of "Eredericton 
as a SportiDg Center," and tlie award was given to our well- 
known contributor Mr, Prank H. Kiateen, of Frederictoo. 
From advance sheets we take the following: 
As a region for big game, especially for moose and cari- 
bou, the Interior of JSTew Brunswick is not equalled by any 
other section of eastern North America. Its salmon streams 
are unrivaled anywhere. The game laws of the Province 
may be briefly summarized thus: The open seasou for 
moose, caribou, deer, duck, woodcock and siipe extends 
from Sept. 1 to Jan. 1. Each hunter may shoot two moose, 
three caribou and three deer in a season. Non-residents de- 
siring to hunt moose and caribou are required to take out a 
license, paying a fee of |'J0 and giving a bond of $100 for 
observance of the law. No license is required for the hunt- 
ins of deer. The open season for partridge extends from 
Sept, 20 to Jan. 1. 
The fishery laws are mainly controlled by the Dominion 
Government. The open season for salmon extends from 
Feb. 1 to Aug. 15; for speckled trout, from April 1 to Sept. 
15; for lake trout and landlocked salmon, from May 1 to 
Seut. 15, 
New Brunswick has not only a greater mileage of railway 
in proportion to population than any other State or Province 
in America, but its soil is intersected everywhere by a won- 
derful natural system of water communication. Well 
stocked as the whole of the interior is with fish and game of 
all kinds, the facilities offered for canoeing, camping, fish- 
ing and hunting are not equaled in any part of America 
within easy reach of those who love the forest and the 
stream. The lakes and rivers which empty into the basin of 
the St, John are in no way inferior in this respect to those of 
that far-famed wilderness region watered by the Miramichi, 
the Nepisiqait and the Restigouche. The Squatook Lakes, 
Green River, Grand River, Tobique River, Uromocto Lake, 
Grand Lake — these are terms synonymous with hard fight- 
ins; salmon that call for the angler's utmost skill; with gal 
lant warrior trout that ask no quarter; with togue of fabu- 
lous weight that haunt the deep lake bottoms; with black 
duck, teal and broadbills in their season, and with the 
noblest game animals to be found in Eastern America — the 
moose, bear, deer and caribou. 
A volume would be required in which to catalogue the 
various canoe trips open to the camper and sportsman by its 
tributary streams. He may, as did the Indians for ages, 
urge his way with pole and paddle up the main St. John 
and, af.er a short portage, embark upon the Penobscot. He 
may ascend the Madawaska River, a distance of fifteen 
miles, carry his "pirogue" over into Squat ook River, and 
thence enjoy a run down stream of seventy-five miles to the 
place of beginning, by a river that fairly swarms with trout 
and through lakes that are as beautiful as a poet's dream. 
He may pole up Green or Grand River and down the 
spacious Restigouche. He may ascend the silvery waters of 
the Tobique and thence traverse the Bathurst Lakes and the 
wild and rugged Nepisiquit. From the latter stream, if so 
inclined, he may carry into theUpsalquitch, a branch of the 
Restigouche. At Fredericton he can launch his Milicete 
canoe when the morning sun is breaking through the river 
mist and at nightfall pilch his tent upon the level shores of 
Grand Lake, an ideal camping ground for the tourist who 
wishes to combine a maximum of wafer space and grassy 
m(ad with a minimum of work. 
Owing to its central location, both from a railroad and 
geographical standpoint, there is no more convenient place 
of departure for the fisherman or big game hunter than 
Fredericton. The city lies almost equidistant from the 
great hunting region of the Canaan and Salmon rivers and 
that of the Tobique and Miramichi. Between the two, and 
almost at its threshold, is the Cains River country, renowned 
for moose and caribou. The sportsman may leave Frederic- 
ton in the morning, with his Indian guides, and camp at 
surset on the hunting grounds of East Brook Plains. To 
reach the upper waters of the Tobique or of the Nor West 
Miramichi will require about three days. 
Let us suppose that the reader yearns to shoot a moose, 
which animal he has vainly sought, it may be, for many 
moons in Maine or Nova Scotia. He will, if he wishes to 
hunt in the calling season, need to start for the scene of 
action not later than the middle of September. The sooner 
he starts the better his cbance will be. He will only need 
to bring to Fredericton his wearing apparel and his rifle, 
which latter should b3 no plaything, but a weapon that will 
combine paralysis and penetration in a marked degree. 
Supplies and provisions for the trip of the besi quality can 
be obtained much cheaper at Fredericton than they can be 
brought here. 
A first-class guide will be required, who knows the coun- 
try well and is really able to call moose. He will expect to 
receive from $2 to $3.50 per day, according to circumstances. 
The latter figure may seem high, but the guide is usually a 
trapper who has a country of his own in which he has built 
camps and canoes, cut trails and gone to other expense on 
capital account. "Unless he receives good wages as a guide 
it would pay him to go and shoot the moose himself. At 
least one additional man, combining the otflce of cook and 
packer, will be needed, so that the chief guide may devote 
his whole attention to hunting. This extra man will ask $1 
or $1 50 a day. If a team is necessary to haul the supplies 
in over the portage road, the teamster will expect to receive 
$4 a day for himself and team. You will decide that this is 
not excessive after you have watchf d him for a few hours 
battling with the roots and rocks, blow downs and quagmires 
of the portage. 
To make reasonably sure of bagging a bull moose a trip of 
at least three or four weeks is necessary. Such a trip should 
cost from $150 to $200. The sportsman is at liberty to mate 
it cost as much more as he wishes. 
By many amateur woodsmen the caribou is esteemed more 
highly as a game animal than the moose. The great virgin 
wi'iderness of New Brunswick at the present day is a caribou 
paradise. If the moose maj' be numbered in hundreds, the 
caribou may be reckoned in thousands. They can be stalked 
with considerable ease on a windy day, but cannot be run 
down no matter what the depth of scow, and so they escape 
the butchery in the close season that too often falls to the lot 
of moose and deer. 
As showing how plentiful fhey are, it may be mentioned 
that on Christmas Day, 1894, seven large herds of caribou 
were visible at once on the ice of Little Sou- West Lake In 
November, 1895, near Bald Mountain, on the Nor- West 
Miramichi, two Fredericton sportsmen saw, in the space of 
three days, 130 caribou. In December last a sportsman from 
Newcastle, in the same section of country, saw a single herd 
of caribou in which were fully 100 individuals. In that vast 
expanse of forest land watered by Green River, Grand River, 
Tobique, Nor- West Miramichi, Sou- West Miramirhi, Resti- 
gouche and Nespisiquit, with their innumerable branches, 
the country is swarming with caribou, and they are thought 
to be increasing every year. They are practically unmolested 
by man, and the black bear is the only animal that preys 
upon them. It is believed that the car bou, which have been 
almost driven out of Maine by persistent hunting, have taken 
refuge in large numbers in New Brunswick, The caribou 
seems to be imbued with the restless spirit of the age. He 
has no fixed abiding place, and is always in a hurry to reach 
some other place where he can at once make haste to hurry 
back again. 
Without doubt the best season for hunting caribou is in 
November when the bogs are frozen and there is suitable 
snow for tracking, and when their antlers have not yet been 
shed. Their actions in the presence of man are very eccen- 
tric. Sometimes they will stampede at the faintest sign of 
danger, or no sign at all; at other times they will stand 
stupidly together or walk aimlessly about while the death- 
dealing rifle is thinning out their ranks. 
Red deer are multiplying rapidly in every part of New 
BruDSwick. They are especially abundant in the South 
and West. With proper protection they will soon be as 
numerous as in Maine. 
On the headwaters of the Nepisiquit not only are moose 
and caribou plentiful, but the sportsman may enjoy the 
unique experience of stalking the black br ar as he roams the 
blueberry-covered hills in September. As a rule, the black 
bear is about as dangerous as a raccoon or porcupine. At 
the sight or scent of man he will run like a tramp from a 
woodpile. The maternal solicitude of the .she bear when in 
company with her cubs, however, is not to be trifled with. 
Unless you are sure that this particular bear belongs to you, 
it is well to stand back about 79|ft. 
There are several fine fa'mon streams within a few hours' 
ride by rail of Fredericton. A few desirable streams are 
still uoleased and may be secured at a reasonable rental from 
the Crown Land Department: Where the river is already 
leased it is not difficult for the visiting sportsman, in most 
cases, by application to local anglers, to obtain the right to 
fish. 
With the possible exception of the Restigouche, the finest 
salmon river in the province is the Tol>ique. The angler 
may leave Andover in the morning by team and hook his 
salmon for supper, and when the railway is completed to 
Plaster Rock he will be able to reduce this record by several 
hours. This beautiful mountain stream has been so well 
protected of recent years that the fish have become very 
abundant. The adult Tobique salmon runs from 12 to 201bs. 
in weight, and is far mores gamy than the Restigouche 
fi.sh. 
A river which shows to some extent the results of inefficient 
protection, but still affords excellent sport in a normal sea- 
son, is the Sou-West Miramichi. This was a favorite resort 
of the late Gov. Russell, Joe Jefferson, the actor, and other 
well-known American anglers. The cascade of Fall Brook, 
120ft. in height, is reached by a few minutes' walk from the 
main stream, and is one of the scenic marvels of New Bruns- 
wick. A ride of two hours by rail brings the sportsman to 
Boiestown, where the guides will have all in readiness to 
pole him up the river. The uniform rate these hardy, will- 
ing fellows charge tor their services is $1 25 per day. ' Their 
skill in picking the channel or in breasting and shooting the 
rapids is a subject of unceasing wonder to all who have ever 
witnessed it. Whether on the hunting around or the salmon 
stream, the uniform testimony of strangers is that New 
Brunswick guides are honest and cheerful, thorough woods- 
men all of them, and anxious only to please. 
The trout streams rnd lakes of the Province are innumer- 
able and, with few exceptions, open to all. When the sea 
trout are running excellent fishing is obtained at Indiantown, 
on the Sou-West Miramichi, which is reached in five hours 
from Fredericton. Cains River, a noted stream for trout, 
is reached by fifteen miles of rail from Fredericton and a 
portaa;e of ten miles. 
One of the finest trout streams in the province, the Barti- 
bogue River, which was reserved by the Government from 
the recent sale of fishing privileges, is to be tificienily guarded 
henceforth, and trout fishing permitted on it with the rod 
only at a fixed rate per day. The Crown Land Department 
has determined to vigorously enforce the regulations against 
netting and spearing not only on the Bartibogue, but Cains 
River, Renous, Dungarvon and other rivers that have here- 
tofore been poached. 
To the mind of the native tourist the Tobique River con- 
veys a boundless vision of all that is wild and primitive for 
woodland scenery, and all that is exciting and otherwise 
enjoyable for plenitude of fi>h and game supply. He who, 
with birch canoe and brawny Milicete polesman, has ascended 
its pure, translucent waters to Long Lake or Trowsers Lake, 
the principal scources of this lovely mountain stream, will 
have secured a wealth of picturejque experience that will 
remain with him in reminiscent form as long as life shall 
last. He will have seen a region untainted for the most part 
by the touch of man ; where forest trails are scoured deep in 
the solid turf by countless generations of moose and caribou; 
where the tremulous note of the loon is borne afar on the 
pulseless wings of the evening air; where the unsophisticated 
trout will seize a fiannel rag as readily as the most alluring 
fly; where great rafts of black duck arise in clamorous 
flight at his unkind approach, and where his sleep at night 
is broken by the sloppy blow of the jumping salmon as he 
tumbles back in his native pool. Should he ascend the tor- 
tuous waters of the Little Tobique, he will find himself on 
the shores of the beautiful Nictaux Lake, which shines like 
a gem in its emerald setting at the base of Bald Mountain, 
the highest summit in the Province. From this command- 
ing eminence the traveler surveys a vast, unbroken sea of 
foliage, whose undulations roll against the storied cliffs of 
Gaspe to the north and the coroneted peak of old Katahdin 
to the south. 
In all its essential features, the forest of New Brunswick 
is to-dav what it was in the dawn of history. It is still the 
forest primeval. Over the rampart hills and under the sen- 
tinel stars are streams whose sources are unknown; vast 
areas of timber land that have never echoed the sound of the 
woodman's axe or the hunter's rifle; lofty cataracts whose 
hoarse soliloquy is seldom heard by human ear; beautiful 
lakes without a name, whose eternal stillness is broken only 
by the rattle of the kingfisher, the leap of the landlocked 
salmon, the uncanny laughter of the loon, or the plunging 
stride of the wading moose. The voyager who seeks these 
hidden shores will find a gentle, bounteous wilderness "to 
whose ever-verdant antiquity the Pyramids are young and 
Niaeyeh a mushroom of yesterday." 
WHITE BUFFALO. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In your paper of May 4 I have read an article on white 
buffalo by Mr. C, E. DlUhv, in which he ."^ays bethinks such 
an animal never really existed. I can hard ly agree with him, 
as I have known one among the wood tiuffalo which coukl 
not possildy have lieen from any domestic stock ; and have 
bad two other robes in my posses' ion which appeared, both 
by the hump on the back and the hair, to have been of pure 
buffalo. 
In the fall of 1854 1 took charge of the Hudson's Bay Com- 
pany post on the North Saskatchewan, in the Blackfoot 
country ; and, as was often the custom, we made relation 
with some chief, which was done by a complete change of 
our clothing. The chief always came in his full war dress, 
with bow, arrows and war robe. During the winter I made 
a brother of Mah-qua-ah-ma-kan (the Running Wclf). and he 
gave me a beautiful robe, not quite white, but nearly of a 
cream color, with some darker places on it, which he prized 
very much. Again, in 1856, I took the head chief of the 
Piegans (The Swan) as my father, and got another robe from 
him', which was a light gray, with a few darker gray spots 
on it. Both of these robes I firmly believe were bona fide 
plains buffalo. 
Now for the wood buffalo, which, I think, affords a posi- 
tive proof that such an animal has existed. In the spring of 
1870 I undertook to establish a new post for the company at 
the junction of the Clearvrater and Athabasca rivers. A 
band of Crees and a band of Chipewyans lived in that part of 
the country and hunted between the Athabasca and Peall 
rivers, as far north as the watershed between the two rivers. 
At that lime a band of about 100 wood buffalo were then 
alive in that country; the last one was killed in 1887. Daring 
the winter of 1870 "71 the Cbipewyans reported having seen a 
white yearling calf among the band, which they had fired at 
several times, again. The following summer the Crees saw 
it. Next winter it was again seen by the Chipewyans; and 
then again the following fall my own Cree hunter reported 
having seen and fired twice at long range at this white buf- 
falo. It was only now I really believed that there was such 
animal in the country. So I ordered Baptiste Kah ne-pah, 
one of the Crees, to pitch after the white buffalo, or, as they 
called it, the medicine cow, and not to show himself at the 
post until his wife could give me the white robe for my 
cariole, In March he brought it in, and it was one of the 
finest robes I have ever seen. The hair was unusually long 
and fine; the ceilor was like that of a white silver fox, a little 
darker about the neck; the body very light and in the dis- 
tance apparently white. This animal could not have come 
from any domestic stock, as only a few animals were kept at 
the mission, at the post of Fori Chipewyan, 100 miles oft", 
they never lost an animal, and to the south the nearest cattle 
were in the Saskatchewan Yalley. A J. Moberlt. 
NoBTHWEST Territories. 
Birds and Bird Music. 
FjERiiTSBURGH, Vt., Junc 1.— Editor Forest and Stream: 
From what 1 hear from the birds' own mouth.':, 1 have rea- 
.son to believe that we have more of them with us than usual 
in spite of plume hunters, collectors and market shooters. 
No doubt it is to the latter that we owe the noticeable scar- 
city of robins and bobolinks in recent years, ye t this year 
there is certainly afuller early morning chorus of robins than 
has been heard for several seasons, and a moie continuous 
jangle of the bobolinks' rollicking song comes from the mea- 
dow. Thefe birds were prompt to announce their arrival on 
the established date of May 8 In the evening of the next 
day we heard awhippoorwill quite near the house. A lot of 
meadow-larks and flickers came back to us, and more blue- 
birds than last year, when I heard but two all lold. There 
is a goodly muster of orioles, whom we gladly welcome for 
their beauty and their eong, and for their valuable service in 
the orchards. Here we are orchardists rathtr than vineyard- 
ists, and the orioles are our friends. If it was a qutslion of 
apples or orioles, probably I should have to take the side of 
bread and butler against sentiment; but, as it is, I would 
rather have orioles than grapes, and robbins than cherries. 
On May 10 our cat bird came to Lis own again in the 
thicket of Tartarian honeysuckles, without the loss of a 
note from his medley. .June 4 we heard the first cuckoo 
and the next day a great-crested fly- catcher, which we have 
not had about the house for two years, though previously 
a constant summer visitor. His note can have no music in 
it for any but his mate, but I am glad to hear it again day 
after day, and to know that a pair are resting here, doubtless 
with the usual snake skin in the nest, which 1 nope may 
prove a mascot to bring good luck or, at least, a charm to 
avert the ill luck. 
The sweet simple note of a wood peewee was first heard 
June 8, and every afternoon and evening since I have heard 
at least two chanting their indolent song. There are many 
virios and some yellow birds and other singers whose songs 
do not tell their names to my dull ears: but it is good to ne 
told that the summer world is so full of happy life, though 
one is denied the sight of it. Awahsoose. 
The Woodcock's Whistle. 
Commenting upon the notes of Mr. William Holliday, 
printed in our isi-ueof May 15, Mr. James Wight gives in the 
Rockland, Me., Courier this "reply to all who advocate the 
wing theory:" 
"Did you ever keep in a cage a beautiful song bird that 
poured t'oith a perfect gush of melody for you all day and 
half the night? And if so, did you ever know him to sing 
during the moulting season? The moulting season is a very 
trying time for all birds. They are feeling too poorly to be. 
hunted, too weak to fly, too low-spirited to sing and too sick 
to b3 eaten. 
"When I hear the familiar voice of a person singing I rec- 
ogniza the voice, even if the songs are different; and when I 
hear the love song of the woodcock as he woos his mate I 
recognize the same quality of tone which I hear in the 
month of October when he has fully recovered from his ill 
turn and is both fit to hunt and to eat— and as he was not 
while moulting. 
"It is late in October, We go into a piece of woodcock 
cover, composeel mostly of alders; the dog points, a bird is 
fiuahed, appears above the tops of the bushes with a shrill 
whistle— we pull the trigger and he drops, is retrieved and 
goes into the pocket. 
