important of ottr ores^ and furnishes a considerable proportion of 
the iron now produced in the Slate, Its colors are various shades 
of brown; it has a yellowish streak; is usually opaque; has no ac- 
tion on th^ magnet; and its specific gravity is about 3.922. 
Limonite includes the several varieties formerly known by the 
names of brown hematite^ or fibrous brown iron ore; compact 
brown iron ore; granular, common, pisiform and reniform clay iron 
ore; brown iron ochre, &c. It is supposed to be a hydrate of the per- 
oxide of iron, the proportions of peraxide of iron and of water be- 
ing as 85.3 peroxide of iron and 14.07 water in 100; so that in 
its purest form it contains 59.10 metallic iron in 100 of ore. 
It generally, however^ contains various ather substances, either in 
combination or in mixture; as silica, alumina, lime, oxide of man- 
ganese, and some compound of zinc. Titanium has, also, in some 
instances, been found associated with it. 
I shall now present some notices of the localities of this valuable 
ore in various parts of our State, 
On Staten-Island, five miles south-west of the quarantine, on the 
road to Richmond village, there are beds of brown hematite of 
some extent. The ore is sometimes massive, and at others, con- 
sists of spherical grains of various sizes, united by a ferruginous ce- 
ment, and known by the name of shot ore. It often has a shining 
surface, and appears to be mixed and coated with talc. Brown 
and yellow ochres are also found here, and are used by ihe inha- 
bitants as paints. These ores contain 12 or 13 per cent of water. 
Dungin's mine is situated about a mile and a half north of that 
just described. The ore is similar to the preceding. 
In consequence of the scarcity of fuel, no furnaces have been 
erected in the immediate vicinity of these beds. The ore has for 
several years been transported in considerable quantity to Egg- 
Harbor, but whether it is smelted there or carried elsewhere I 
could not ascertain. 
On Long-Island, the argillaceous oxide of iron is found near Plan- 
dome, in small columns.^^ 
On the island of New- York, the bog ore occurs in large beds. 
Cleaveland's Mineralogy. 
