f^o. 161.] 
19 
Long Mine. This is situated about five miles south-west of South- 
•field Furnace. The ore occurs in gneiss rock, and follows the ge- 
neral direction and dip of the strata, and is never at right angles 
-to them. The bed has been very extensively worked, but owing 
to iffjbdicious management, the old workings are at present closed. 
Recently the mining operations have been conducted in a more 
skilful manner. Pillars, or supports of the rock or of the ore it- 
self, are left at intervals, while the excavation is continued irwa 
nearly horizontal direction. The accompanying rock is exceeding- 
ly variable in its character. Sometimes the feldspar greatly pre- 
dominates; at others, the quartz prevails; and again at others, 
mica, of a blackish colour, is the principal ingredient. The floor 
of the bed approaches to mica slate; its course is nearly north and 
south, and its dip to the east. 
This ore is of a Wuish black colour, and has minute grains of 
quartz disseminated through it, which causes it to give fire with 
' steel. It breaks in columnar fragments, and being of a granular 
structure is without much difficulty reduced to coarse powder; 
and when in this state, it is strongly attracted by the magnet. It 
does not, however, possess polarity. The average specific gravity 
of the ore is 4.885; and wdth the exception of the silicious parti- 
cles, it is entirely soluble in hot concentrated muriatic acid. 
The results of the analysis of this ore, show that it is of an ex- 
cellent quality, it is highly esteemed for the furnace, and is said 
to furnish pig iron, which is easily rendered malleable by the pro- 
cesses now employed for that purpose. Under these circumstan- 
ces it is gratifying to be enabled to add, that this bed is of great 
extent, and if judiciously worked, will undoubtedly yield a vast 
amount of ore. 
Analysis of the magnetic iron from the Long Mine ^ Orange county. 
These proportions of protoxide and peroxide of iron are equi- 
valent to 68.50 per cent of metallic iron. It may be proper to 
state here that the magnetic ores of iron are mixtures of the pro- 
Protoxide of iron, ...... 
Peroxide of iron, 
Oxide of manganese, .... 
Silica or quartz, and loss, 
25.40 
70.50 
1.60 
2 50 
100.00 
