6 
than " annular >• budding; the more around the ring of bark reaches the better Th« 
CLEFT SAP GRAFTING 
grafted, in fact, such grafting will succeed better on large limbs, say four to six inoheR in 
diameter, than on smaller ones, three inches and under Our il ustratinn ^mi 7? ^^^ ^ 
n^^^t IffT"^ ^ S'^Se made of iron or hardwood being drivendown^n the center 
,°n Pitl tw P'" «°ffi°'6ntly to admit the oion, which has to be prepared as shown 
in Fig. 8-that is, with the base cut wedge-shaped, through a double scarf But Wa i« 
mZ'I '"^P^'t^Jl^Vomt in preparing the cion: one scarf only should have the pi?h of the 
/ ^nrlnTt fr: S?* T^^^"" ^'''"^^^y ^""^ ^^'"^ " ^i" the balk of the inserted 
" SlaYn?v fl ^if^""- ^IF- " °^ "'''"^^ already prepared and shows 
P>th exposed only on one of the scarfs. Two buds are allowed to remain on 
»n„w=%Tr! "PPS"^ end, as shown in Fig. 8; the other below t fust bacTof the 
scarfs The top of the cion is out ofif a quarter of an inch above the upper bud slantinc 
as shown "» the cut and waxed after having been inserted. A stock of the size of thfi 
SuH uiTo^nfn7u"'"'''r'' two are sufficient considerinrtoo, how 
■ procure good cions on a bearing tree; in that case they should be inserted 
,Tk ' "Tv""^' opposite each other. Should the stock be Zch larger it 
be had Ir^WV^'f^'^''- ^""^ ''■""^ i"««ted; more,^ Xy can 
ylX t fhl f t>°g ow". has to be very careful to make allowance for the thTok 
bark of the s ock, as shown by shaded circle around the stock in Fig, 7 and insert he 
cion right at the point in A and b marked by dotted line, and in such manner that the in 
ner bark of the stock next the wood and that of the ciin wi 1 brbrrght toeether and 
Z l'f'}' """^^ P°^^*^le'- the wedge being removed, the two ^ 
the cleft will draw together and hold the cion in place But to prevent he clefl to reonen 
through the influence of the atmosphere and sun, the stock is well lisatured with a^ 
fna?he'cli1tra*°.r'°'''/°°"'^ "P'u'^"* '^«^°'e ^l^e whole surfiroTtL'^^ iViS^ 
sid^e of thf nfTLl rT b?e? d.oly waxed. As the clefts are made to run out- 
side of the heart of the tree or limb, right into the sap, hence the name of sai) OTafHiiP 
be tTed un t"o Zi"^^L''''\^'f'''^\.'^^'°''^^ ^"^"'e^ Bticks or sZt poles fave t^ 
f ■ ^ ^'°fu ""^ ""^e '^^y be, to tie up the successful grafts to 
trind'is l5aW« J growth especially on large trees, is so rank that their owTwe gh? or the 
ri JL f ® to break them clear off down to the stock and ruin them; so it is well to be 
piepared for such an emergency. Now, should the grafts fail to grow, there wouW remain 
niZ,trTllir°'^ ^ the summer or fill of the same year Tor a 
number of shoo s would grow around the stock, and if three or four only are Dermitted to 
drn-h-n^'^'^fv'" K^^' "'^"e'^ could very Ve 1 b^e bedded as 
described in this essay. Since to graft large trees into another kind by the rine-buddino 
^InTfy.i^'^T^' ^^'^ """'^ o°e foot from where^hey fork otft 
allow them to grow new wood upon wbich to insert the buds, it would be just as well 
then to try first m the spring sap grafting; for, should the grafting fail, it would not put 
one to much trouble We have had very large trees around Nevada City some thirtv 
?Z«fn^ f ""^ ^'f'} ^^'"^^^ Tbus it is shown how ea^y it is tJ 
SsMon is! what arT"" " °' " P'^^^" The next 
THE BEST VARIETIES 
Jria'^^T'* grafting? Undoubtedly, since the trouble and expense in grafting walnut 
trees is the same, whatever kind should be used in grafting, none but varieties LowX 
