DEFINITION. 
71 
spots on the whole body of the Fungus or Lichen, so as to form surfaces, threads, 
hollow structures, &c., which possess a common growth, and yet consist of single 
elementary structures developing individually (Fig. 55). 
With the exception, however, of the instances named, and of some similar 
ones, tire formation in the vegetable kingdom of multicellular bodies obeying a 
common law of growth always arises from the cells which originate by bipartilion 
from common mother-cells remaining in connexion; the cells are in these cases, 
Fig. 55. — Part of a longitudinal section of a Ga.steromycete {CruciY'ulam ■uu/!;-are),showh\g the course of the hyphre: their interstices 
are filled with a watery jelly, which has probably resulted from the conversion into mucilage of the outer cell-wall layers of the 
hypha;. (For further details of the internal organisation, see Book II, Fungi. The drawing is partially diagrammatic, inasmuch as 
the hyphae are shown too thick for the small magnifying of the whole (about 25), and not so numerous as in nature.) 
at least originally, so united that they appear like chambers in a mass which 
continues to grow as a whole (Fig. 56). 
The two first-named kinds may be distinguished as fahe tissues from the latter or 
true form; but there is no sharp boundary-line between them. In many cases, for 
example, the endosperm is only in its rudimentary state a false tissue, due to the 
coalescence of isolated cells; in its further development by cell-division it becomes 
a true tissue (e.g. Ricinus, &c.). The cortex of many Algx and of the genus Chara 
is formed by the coalescence of isolated filaments ; but the result cannot be distinguished 
from true tissues. Nageli and Schwendener (Das Mikroskop, vol. II. p. 563 et seq.) may 
