400 
VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS. 
The Branching of the Equisetacese depends exclusively on the formation of 
lateral buds. Each of these is formed from a superficial cell lying just above the 
youngest foliar girdle, and this takes place at points alternating with the sheath-teeth, 
long before the differentiation of the fibro-vascular bundles. [It was thought 
that these buds were of endogenous origin \ but the researches of Janczewski and. 
of Famintzin have shown that this is not the case^.] Hofmeister was the first to 
show that each bud proceeds from a single cell of the tissue ; and although I have 
myself never seen it in a unicellular condition, I have found rudimentary branches 
composed of only two or four cells ; and these showed that even the first three 
divisions of the mother-cell of the branch are inclined in three directions in such 
Fig. 281. — The same as Fig. 280, but at a greater distance from the apex, showing a further advance of the differentiation of 
leaf-sheath and internode ; r r cortex of the upper, r' r' r' cortex of the lower internode, e e the inner, e' e' the outer epidermis 
of the leaf-sheath, the foliar portion of the fibro-vascular bundle, g gi its descending portion belonging to the internode ; 
the first annular vessel is formed at their point of meeting. 
a manner that a trilaterally pyramidal apical cell is produced; and the first three 
divisions thus form the first three segments. Lateral buds of the rhizome of 
E. Telmateia and E, arvense, late in the autumn or early in the spring, usually 
show in longitudinal section all the stages of development of the buds. After 
they have formed several foliar girdles and their apex is covered by a firm envelope 
of leaf-sheaths, they break through the base of the parent leaf-sheaths. They 
may also remain dormant for a long period, as is shown by the circumstance 
that buds break out when the underground nodes of ascending stems are exposed 
^ See also the account of the Jungermanniese, p. 359. 
^ [Janczewski, Rech, snr le dev. des bourgeons dans les Freies ; Mem. Soc. de Sei. Nat. de Cher- 
bourg, XX. 1876-77— Famintzin, Bull, de I'Acad. Imp. d. St. Petersbourg, XXII. 1876.] 
