CONIFERM. 
Angiosperms; in Araucaria and Dammar a, on the other hand, the long sausage- 
shaped pollen-sacs hang in larger numbers free beneath the peltate limb. The 
wall of the pollen- sacs is usually delicate, and finally dehisces longitudinally to 
allow the escape of the pollen-grains, which are produced in extraordinarily large 
numbers, since they have usually to be carried by the wind to the female organs 
of the same or of another tree. The pollen-grains which happen to fall on the 
opening of the micropyle of the ovules are retained by an exuding drop of fluid, 
which about this time fills the canal of the micropyle, but afterwards dries up. 
Fig. -iX^.— Taxiis baccata; A male flower (magnified), 
a the pollen-sacs ; B a stamen seen from below with open 
pollen-sacs ; C piece of a foliage-shoot with leaf b, from the 
axil of which springs the female flower, j its envelope of 
scales, j/; the terminal ovule ; Z) longitudinal section of the 
same (magnified), i integument, kk nucellus of the ovule, 
X a rudimentary axillary ovule ; E longitudinal section 
through a more mature ovule before fertilisation, z' integu- 
ment, kk nucellus, e endosperm, m aril, s upper scales of 
the envelope. 
Fig. 349. — Jimiperns conummis ; A longitudinal 
section of a male flower, R (upper figure) a stamen seen 
from the front and the outside, (lower figure) seen from 
the back of the axis; C longitudinal section of a female 
flower; a the pollen-sacs, j- the peltate lamina of the 
stamen, b lower leaves of the floral axis, c carpels, 
sk ovules, kk nucellus, i the integument {A and C X 
about 12). 
and thus draws the captured pollen-grains to the nucellus, where they immediately 
emit their pollen-tubes into its spongy tissue. In the Cupressineae, Taxineae, and 
Podocarpese this contrivance is sufficient, since the micropyles project outwardly ; 
in the Abietinese, where they are more concealed among the scales and bracts, 
these themselves form, at the time of pollination, canals and channels for this 
purpose, through which the pollen-grains arrive at the micropyles filled with fluid 
{cf. Strasburger, /. r.). The large number and lightness of the pollen-grains enables 
them to be carried great distances by the wind ; in the true Pines and the Podo- 
L 1 
