544 PHANEROGAMS. 
another that the two lobes lie in one line above the apex of the filament, as in many 
Labiatse. Not unfrequently the filament also has appendages ; as, for example, the 
membranous expansions or appendages right and left below in Allium which 
resemble stipules, or a hood -shaped outgrowth behind as in Asclepiadeae, or ligular 
structures in front as in Alysswn montanum, or conical prolongations beneath on 
one side as in Cramhe^ or on both as in Mahonia (Fig. 362, x). 
A phenomenon of great importance from a morphological point of view is the 
branching of stamens which occurs in many Dicotyledons, a peculiarity of structure 
which was erroneously confounded by the older botanists with their cohesion, 
although the two are fundamentally distinct. Sometimes the branching of stamens 
takes place, like that of foliage-leaves, bilaterally in one plane, right and left of the 
median line, so that the branched stamen has a pinnate appearance, as in Calo- 
thamniis (Fig. 365, j/), where each division bears an anther. In other cases the 
branching takes place in a kind of polytomy, as in Ricinus (Fig. 366), where the 
Fig. 365.— Longfitudinal section of the flower of Calo- FiG. 366.— Part of a male flower of Ricinus cownrunis 
;y"the ovary, J- calyx,/ petals, ^style, rebranched cut through lengthways ; yy the basal portions of the 
stamens. compoundly-branched stamens ; a the anthers. 
separate stamens arise in the form of simple protuberances from the receptacle, each 
one repeatedly producing new protuberances, which at length develope by inter- 
calary growth into a compoundly and repeatedly branched filament; the ends of 
the branches all bearing anthers. In the Hypericineae ^ three or five large broad 
protuberances (Fig. 367, II-V, a) spring from the periphery of the floral axis after 
the formation of the corolla, on each of which smaller roundish knobs are produced 
in basipetal succession from its apex ; these latter become the filaments, each of 
which eventually bears an anther, and are connected at their base with the primordial 
protuberance of which they are branches. A horizontal section through the flower- 
bud before the opening of the flower shows, especially in Hypericum calycinum, the 
numerous filaments which spring from one original protuberance densely crowded 
into one bundle. In this and many similar cases the common primordial basal 
' [For further details see Molly, Unters, üb. die Blüthenentwickelung der Hypericineen und 
Loasaceen, Diss. Inaug. Bonn, 1S75.] 
