5^4 
PHANEROGAMS. 
considerably elevated even before the formation of the carpels ; the carpels are then 
seen in a whorl, and are attached by means of their coherent margins to the elevated 
axis ; each forms what may be described as a pocket attached to the axis. As the 
axis becomes elongated, the margins of the carpels form radial dissepiments sepa- 
rating the pockets, which widen into loculi ; and the carpels finally rise above the 
apex of the axis. In CerasHum and other genera the dissepiments also rise above 
it as free lamellae which do not meet in the centre, so that the ovary is quinque- 
locular below, while in the upper part it remains unilocular. The ovules are 
produced in two parallel rows on the axial face of each loculus, this face being 
apparently formed from the axis itself. In some genera of Caryophylleae it seems 
probable that the placentae are axial, while in others they would appear rather to be 
carpellary. 
Fig. 390. — / — /-'//stages of development of the ovary of Phlonns piuigens {a Labiate), ^ m longitudinal, the rest in trans- 
verse section ; A a gynaeceum seen from without ready for fertilisation ; B the same in longitudinal section, the lines ic u, 
00 correspond to the transverse sections VI and VII pi the placenta, x the spurious dissepiment, /" loculi, sk ovules, c wall 
of the carpel, t disc, g style, n stigma. 
Among Superior Ovaries with axial Placefitaiion^ those of Typha, Naias, and 
Piperaceae^ require especial mention. In these cases the very simple female flower 
consists (with the exception of the perianth of Typha, which is represented by hairs) of 
nothing but a small lateral shoot transformed into an ovary with a central ovule ^ 
The apex of the axis of this shoot itself developes into the terminal nucellus of the 
ovule, round which an annular zone grows up from below, overarches it, closes up 
above, and thus forms the wall of the ovary. In Typha only one style and stigma 
^ Magnus, Zur Morphologie der Gattung iVa/as (Bot. Zeit. 1869, p. 772). — Rohrbach, Ueber 
Typha (in Sitzungsber. der Gesells. naturf. Freunde Berlin, Nov. 16, 1869). — Hanstein u. Schmitz, 
lieber Entwickelung der Piperaceenblüthen (Bot. Zeit, 1870, p. 38). 
^ As in the case of the 'axial anthers,' so here also some uncertainty still exists. In a letter 
to me Schenk distinctly denies the axial nature of the ovule in Typha ; he states that it is lateral, 
that it appears as a small protuberance on the wall of the ovary, a position vi^hich it retains until 
maturity. 
