596 
PHANEROGAMS. 
(ß) Spicate inflorescences with abbreviated rachis : — 
4. The Capitulum : Rachis conical or tubular, or even hollowed out like a 
cup ; flowers sessile ; bracts frequently absent (Compositse, Dipsa- 
caceae). 
5. The Simple Umbel : Flowers stalked and springing from a very short 
rachis {e.g. the Ivy). 
b. Panicled Inflorescences arise when the lateral axes of the first order again branch 
and produce axes of the second and higher orders ; every axis or only those 
of the last order may terminate in a flower ; the capacity for development 
usually decreases from below upwards both on the lateral and on the pri- 
mary axis. 
(a) Panicled Inflorescences with elongated axes; — 
6. The true Panicle : Axes and pedicels elongated {Crambe, Grape-vine). 
7. The Compound Panicle made up of Spikes : The elongated lateral axes 
bear sessile flowers {Veratrum^ Spircea Aruncus, the ' ears ' of Wheat, 
Rye, &c.). 
(jS) Panicled Inflorescences with abbreviated axes : — 
8. Compact spike-like Panicle : The very short lateral axes are arranged 
on an elongated primary rachis (the 'ears' of Barley, Alopecuruss 
&c.). 
9. The Compound Umbel : The very short rachis bears a densely compact 
iimbel of secondary (partial) umbels usually with long stalks {cf. 
No. 5) ; if the compound umbel is surrounded by a whorl of leaves 
this is called the In'volucre ; a similar whorl surrounding the secondary 
umbel is an In'volucel (secondary involucre) ; one or both may be 
absent ; (most Umbelliferae). 
B. Cymose, Centrifugal, or Definite Inflorescences result from the primary 
axis branching beneath the first flower in such a manner that each lateral axis itself 
terminates in a flower, after producing one or more lateral axes of a second order which 
in their turn terminate in flowers and continue the system in this manner ; the develop- 
ment of each lateral shoot is stronger than that of the primary axis beyond the point of 
origin (see Figs. 134-136, pp. 178-180). 
a. Cymose Inflorescences ivithout a Pseud-axis : Two or more lateral axes are de- 
veloped beneath each flower, terminating in flowers ; lateral axes of a higher 
order continuing the system in the same manner. 
10. The Anthela : An indefinite number of lateral axes are produced on 
each axis, and overtopping the primary axis develope in such a 
manner that the entire inflorescence does not acquire any definite 
shape {e.g. J uncus lamprocarpus, tenuis, alpinus, and Gerardi, Luzula 
nemorosa, &c?). The anlhela of these genera, as well as of Scirpus 
and Cyperus, exhibits a number of different transitional forms to the 
panicle and even to the spike, and on the other hand to the formation 
of cymose inflorescences with pseud-axes, e.g. in Juncus bufonius. 
The inflorescence of Spircpa Ulmaria is included in this form by 
myself and others. 
11. The Cymose Umbel : A whorl of three or more equal axes springs from 
the primary one, secondary whorls of lateral axes being again pro- 
duced from it, and the process being then again repeated (see 
Fig. 148). The whole system resembles a true umbel in habit; 
' Compare the careful description by Buchenau in Jahrb. für wissensch. Bot. IV, p. 393 et seq, 
and PI. 28-30. 
