656 PHANEROGAMS. 
a perianth. The small embryo lies, surrounded by the endosperm, in a hollow 
of the copious perisperm. Herbs or shrubs, often with verticillate leaves. 
Families: i. Piperaceae, 
2. Sanrureae, 
3. Ghlorantheae. 
B. Urticinece. Perianth simple, sepaloid, three- to five-partite, sometimes absent; 9 
stamens superposed on the segments of the perianth ; flowers hermaphrodite or 
diclinous, and then the male and female flowers diff'erent (3), usually in densely 
crowded inflorescences, the female flowers in spikes, umbels, capitula (2) or some- 
times panicles (3), not unfrequently developing into peculiar pseudocarps (as the 
Mulberry, Fig, Bread-fruit, and Dorstenia). Fruit usually unilocular, rarely bilocular ; 
ovules one or rarely two in each loculus ; seed usually with endosperm. Large 
shrubs or trees -^j leaves stalked, usually stipulate. 
Families: i. Urticaceae, 
Urticeae, 
Moreae, 
Artocarpeae, 
2. Platanaceae, 
3. Cannabineae, 
4. Ulmaceae (including Celtideae). 
C. Amentifera. Flowers diclinous, epigynous, in compact panicles (false spikes); 
the female few-flowered inflorescence in (2) surrounded by a cupuie. Fruit dry, 
indehiscent, one-seeded; seed without endosperm. Trees with deciduous stipules. 
F'amilies: i. Betulaceae, 
2. Cupuliferae. 
II. MONOCHLAMYDE^. 
Flowers large and conspicuous and consisting of a simple more or less petaloid, 
usually gamophyllous perianth, one or more staminal whorls, and a polycarpeflary ovary ; 
carpels equal in number to or double that of the segments of the perianth. The number 
of members of the whorls is derived from the typical numbers two, three, four, or five, 
and generally increases in the inner whorls. Ovary generally inferior and surmounted 
by a short thick columnar style, to which in the hermaphrodite flowers the stamens are 
usually partiaUy or entirely adherent. Flowers often diclinous. Seeds numerous. 
A. SerpentariecE. Creeping or climbing plants with slender stems and large 
simple leaves; floral whorls dimerous and tetramerous (i) or trimerous and hex- 
amerous; perianth-leaves free (i) or coherent into a tube; ovary of four or six 
loculi ; embryo small but differentiated. 
Famihes: i. Nepentheae, 
2. Aristolochiacese, 
3. Asarineae. 
B. Rhi%anthecB. Root-parasites without chlorophyll or foliage-leaves, generally 
with stunted vegetative organs and very large solitary flowers or small flowers in 
a dense inflorescence (i); whorls dimerous to octamerous (i), trimerous (2), or 
pentamerous and decamerous (3) ; ovary with one or eight (i) loculi; the placentae 
and anthers of very peculiar form ; a very great number of small seeds with rudi- 
nuentary embryo. 
Families: i. Cytineae, 
2. Hydnoreae, 
3. Rafflesiaceae. 
* [The Urlicete include a number of herljaceous genera.] 
