948 
APPENDIX. BOOK I. 
grow by apposition and not by intussusception. He is led to the conclusion that a starch- 
grain is a sphero-crystal, built up of prismatic crystalloids. (By a * crystalloid ' is meant here 
and elsewhere a crystal which is capable of swelling-up.) This conclusion is supported by 
Meyer {ibid.), and by Strasburger (Bau und Wachsthum der Zellhäute, 1882), but is severely 
criticised by Nägeli (Unters, üb. das Wachsthum der Stärkekörner, Bot. Zeitg. 1881). 
It is known that when starch-grains are formed in parts of plants exposed to light, 
they arise in connexion with the chlorophyll-granules. Schimper has made the interesting 
observation (Bot. Zeitg. 1880; also Researches upon the Development of Starch-grains, 
Quart. Journ. Micr. Sei., 1881) that vi^hen they are formed in parts of plants not exposed 
to light they arise in connexion with small masses of protoplasm which he terms ' starch- 
forming corpuscles' {St'drkebildner). That they are closely related to the chlorophyll- 
granules is shown by the fact that if cells containing starch-forming corpuscles are exposed 
to light, the corpuscles turn green and become in fact chlorophyll-granules. Errera 
suggests the name ' amidoplasts ' for these bodies. 
Schimper observed that the point of attachment of the starch-grain to the chlorophyll- 
granule or starch-forming corpuscle lies in the line of the long axis of the grain, — that is, 
in the line of most rapid growth, — and at its broader end ; the hilum is near the free 
narrow end of the grain. These facts afford a strong argument in favour of the growth of 
the grain by apposition. 
Page 64, line 9 from the top. For ' erecta ' read ' cvecta.^ 
Page 65. On the distribution of calcium carbonate, see Molisch, Ueber die Abla- 
gerung von kohlensaurem Kalk im Stamme dicotyler Holzgewächse, Sitzber. d. k. k. Akad. 
in Wien, LXXXIV, 1881. 
Page 68. Gystoliths. See also Richter, Beitr. zur genauem Kenntniss der Cysto- 
lithen, etc., Sitzber. d. k. k. Akad. in Wien, LXXVI, 1877, and Melnikoff, Unters, üb. das 
Vorkommen des Kohlensauren Kalkes in Pflanzen, Diss. Inaug., Bonn, 1877. 
Page 70. The statement made here with reference to the formation of the endo- 
sperm in the embryo-sac of Phanerogams is not quite accurate : compare p. 585. 
For a more complete account of the Morphology of the Tissues, see de Bary, 
Vergleichende Anatomie der Vegetationsorgane der Phanerögamen und der Farne, 1877. 
Page 77. Leitgeb has found (Die AthemöfFnungen der Marchantiaceen (Sitzber. 
d. k. k. Akad. in Wien, LXXXI, 1880) that the hypodermal chambers of these plants is not 
formed, as described in the text, by the separation of the epidermal cells from the sub- 
jacent tissue : these chambers make their first appearance as pits which become overgrown 
by the epidermal cells which form their limits, and the communication between the cavity 
of the pit and the external air may be continuous from the beginning, or the pits may 
become completely closed in by the overgrowth of the surrounding epidermal cells, the 
communication being restored on the development of the stoma. In both cases the cells 
forming the stoma are not derived from a single mother cell; in the former case the 
stomatal cells are formed by the cutting off of contiguous segments from the cells bounding 
the opening ; in the latter, by the cutting off of segments in a similar manner from the 
cells lying over the centre of the chamber, and by the subsequent separation of these 
segments so as to form an opening between them. The stomatal cells may then divide so 
as to form a series of superposed cells, and thus the complex stoma of Marchantia^ for 
example, is produced. 
Page 86. On the development of laticiferous vessels, see Schmalhausen, Beitr. z. 
Kenntniss der Milchsaftbehälter der Pflanzen, Mem. de l'Acad, imp. de St. Petersbourg, 
XXIV, 1877; also Scott, The Development of Articulated Laticiferous Vessels, Quart. 
Journ. Micr. Sei., 1882, and Schmidt. Bot. Zeitg., 1882. 
Page 88, line 2 from the bottom. The statement in the text that sieve-tubes occur 
only in the fibro-vascular bundles is not correct. Scattered bundles of them occur in the 
stems of many Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons ; in the periphery of the pith in Solanum 
tuberosum, Dulcamara, species of Nicotiana, Datura, and Cestrum, in many Gampanulaceae, 
and among Composites in Cundelia Tournefortii^ and in the genera Lactuca, Scor'zonera^ 
