956 
APPENDIX. BOOK II. 
in which conjugation and others in which fertilisation takes place. To be consistent with 
the classification followed in this work, it ought to be divided into two sub-groups, one 
belonging to the Zygosporeae, the other to the Oosporeae. Such a subdivision of the group, 
and this holds equally with regard to the Siphoneae, would be obviously unnatural : the 
most satisfactory mode of meeting the difficulty would be to combine the Zygosporeae and 
the Oosporeae into one group. The following are the principal Orders of Fucoideae or 
Melanophyceae (Falkenberg, Die Algen, Schenk's Handbuch, vol. II) : — 
Order i. Fucaceae : reproduction by fertilisation; no zoogonidia. 
„ 2. Cutleriaceae : sexual cells both motile, the female being the larger ; asexual 
reproduction by zoogonidia. 
„ 3. Phaeosporeae : sexual cells both motile at first, but the female cell comes 
to rest before fertilisation ; asexual reproduction by zoogonidia. (Fer- 
tilisation observed by Berthoid in Scytosiphon lomentarius and Ectocarpus 
siliculosus.) 
a. Sphacelarieae. 
b. Ectocarpeae ; Mesogloeaceae ; Desmarestieae. 
c. Phyllitis ; Scytosiphon ; Colpomenia ; Asperococcus Punctaria, 
d. Laminarieae. 
„ 4. Tilopterideae. 
„ 5 (?) Dictyotaceae. 
It is doubtful if the Dictyotaceae ought to be regarded as an Order of Fucoideae, for 
they differ from the other members of this group in that they produce tetraspores, and in that 
their antherozoids are not motile ; in these respects they approach the Florideae. Probably 
the Dictyotaceae constitute a group of Algae intermediate between the Fucoideae and the 
Florideae. 
In an interesting paper on Hydrurus (Akad. d. Wiss. Krakau, 1881) Rostafinski 
groups together the brown Algae as follows : — 
Phaeoideae. 
1. Diatomaceae. 
2. Syngeneticae {Chromophyton, Hydrurus) ; no sexual reproduction (agamic). 
3. Phaeosporeae; 
(a) agamae, 
{b) isogamae, 
(c) oogamae. 
4. Cutlerieae. 
5. Fucaceae. 
6. Dictyoteae, 
Page 330. Lichens. Further evidence in support of the composite nature of 
Lichens is afforded by the discovery that the fungal-element of the Lichen-genus Com, 
Fries, is a basidiomycetous Fungus. (Gontribuzioni alio studio del genere Cora, Fries, del 
Dottore Oreste Mattirolo, Nuov. giorn. bot^ ital. 1881 ; also Bot. Zeitg, 1 881, p. 865.) 
^cidiomycetes. On Hemileia 'vastatrix, a fungus which most probably is to be 
referred to this group and which attacks Coffee plantations, see Marshall Ward, Q^.J. M.S., 
1882. 
Page 335. Ustilagineae. Woronin, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Ustilagineen ; being 
No. 5 of de Bary and Woronin's Beiträge zur Morph, und Physiol, d. Pilze, Frankfurt, 
1882. 
Page 341. Relationships of the groups of Fungi. A short account may be given 
here of de Bary's views respecting the affinities of the groups of the higher Fungi as 
expressed in No. 4 of his Beiträge (1881). He considers that the Ascomycetes are con- 
nected with the Peronosporeae through the Erysipheae : the Uredineae form one of the 
more highly developed groups of the Ascomycetous series. Among Basidiomycetes the 
Tremelhneae are closely connected with those Uredineae which have no -^Ecidium-form 
((?. g. Chrysomyxa Abietis), their basidia being regarded by de Bary as homologous with the 
