APPENDIX. BOOK II. 
957 
teleutospores of the Uredineae ; it appears probable that all the other Basidiomycetes have 
sprung from the Tremellineae. 
The Ustilagineae form a group of which it is difficult to trace the affinities. De Bary 
concludes, from a consideration of the simpler forms, such as Entyloma and Protomyces, that 
they are connected with the Chytridiaceae through Nowakowski's Gladochytrieae. (Cohn, 
Beiträge, II.) 
Page 342. For a full account of the Muscinese, see Goebel in Schenk's Handbuch, 
vol. II, 1883. 
Page 351. According to Goebel the embryo does not in all cases undergo the 
successive divisions which produce the octants: in some cases {Sphserocarpus, Targionta 
Michelii) it is spindle-shaped, and undergoes at first only transverse divisions, four 
octant-cells being subsequently formed at the upper end by longitudinal divisions. 
The relative differentiation of the sporogonium in the Hepaticae is tabulated by 
Leitgeb as follows : — 
1. The sporogonium consists of a parietal layer enclosing a mass of sporogenous 
cells : Riccia, Oxymitra. 
2. Of the internal cells some are sporogenous, whereas others are sterile and act as 
deposits of nutriment : Corsinia, Riellay Notothylas. 
3. The sterile cells develope into elaters : most Hepaticae. 
4. The axis of the capsule is occupied by a mass of sterile cells, the columella, which 
is covered above by the sporogenous layer: Anthocerotese. (some species of 
'Notothylas ?). 
Page 355, note i. On the development of the stomata of Marchantia, see Ap- 
pendix, p. 948. 
Page 386, note i. From the researches of Schmitz (Sitzber. d. niederrhein. Ges. 
zu Bonn, 1880) and of Zacharias (Bot. Zeitg. 1881, Ueb. die Spermatozoiden) it appears 
that the old view held by Hofmeister and Schacht is the correct one, that, namely, the 
nucleus of the mother-cell does not disappear, but becomes actually converted into the 
antherozoid, forming the greater portion of it, the remainder being derived from the pro- 
toplasm of the mother-cell. 
Line 24 and 27 from top: for 'neck-cell' read * canal-cell of the neck.' 
Page 438. On the development of the spores, see p. 13. 
Page 444. Rhizocarpeae. The Female Prothallium. From the researches of 
Berggren (Om Azollas prothallium och embryo, Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, t. XVI ; also Bot. 
Zeitg. 188 1, and Nature, vol. 25. p. 327), it appears that the prothallium of Azolla caroli- 
niana resembles that of Sal'vinia. On germination the endospore of the macrospore 
ruptures along its three edges, and the prothallium projects as a convex disc which is only 
one cell thick at its margin. Shortly after this a single archegonium is developed near the 
centre, consisting of four cells forming the ventral and of four forming the neck portion. 
When mature the prothallium is nearly hemispherical, and its cells contain chlorophyll. 
No mention is made of any canal-cell in the archegonium. 
After fertilisation the oospore is divided by a transverse (basal) wall, and then by a 
median and a transverse wall, so that it consists of octants. Each octant is then divided by 
a wall parallel to the first (basal) and thus the embryo comes to consist of sixteen cells. 
The four uppermost cells (nearest to the neck of the archegonium) give rise to the foot ; of 
the four lowermost cells, one becomes the apical cell of the stem, the second developes 
into a leaf-like organ, the third and fourth produce the scutiform leaf. It appears that 
these two organs can scarcely be regarded as true leaves they seem to have the same 
morphological value as the stem. 
Page 461-485. The alternate pages should be headed ' Dichotomeae ' instead of 
' FiUcineae.' 
Page 464. Apical growth of Psilotum. It is only the subterranean shoots of 
Psilotum which have a single apical cell; the subaerial shoots have a group of dividing cells 
at their apices (Strasburger, Bot. Zeitg. 1873). 
