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CECIL YAMPOLSKY 
Inheritance of Sex in So-called Polygamous Species, and Sex Intergrades 
The inheritance of sex in species that exhibit this mixed distribution of 
the sex elements (so-called polygamous species) has been studied in a number 
of forms with results that are as yet by no means clear. I shall summarize 
the most important results in the literature in so far as they bear directly 
on the question of sex inheritance. 
Darwin (1889) in his discussion of dioecious and polygamous plants 
cites the case of Thymus vulgaris, a gynodioecious plant, occurring in two 
forms, females with well developed ovaries and with stamens much reduced 
and functionless, and hermaphrodites with functional ovaries and stamens. 
The female produces seed when fertilized by the pollen of the hermaphro- 
dite, and the hermaphrodite is self-fertile. Seeds from the female and the 
hermaphrodite produce offspring of both sexes. 
Echium vulgar e is gynodioecious. Darwin (1889) found that there are 
intermediate forms between females and hermaphrodites. The intermediate 
forms are in all respects like the females, with the exception that one or 
two of the stamens produce perfect anthers while the rest of the stamens are 
rudimentary. Of 23 seedlings raised from seed from the hermaphrodite, 
I was intermediate, the other 22 were hermaphrodites. 
Correns has made an exhaustive study of inheritance in certain polyg- 
amous and gynodioecious forms. We are indebted to his wide researches 
in that direction for much of our knowledge of the behavior in inheritance 
of such forms. Correns (1904) reports for Satureja hortensis three classes 
of individuals: 
1. Gynomonoecious, with normal hermaphroditic flowers, hermaphro- 
ditic flowers with shriveled anthers, and female flowers. 
2. Gynomonoecious but functionally female, with hermaphroditic 
flowers having shriveled anthers and female flowers. 
3. With female flowers only. 
He did not find individuals bearing only hermaphroditic flowers. The 
results show that the offspring of the female plants are almost exclusively 
female, the offspring of the hermaphroditic and gynodioecious plants at 
least 2/3 hermaphroditic (combining oiasses i and 2) and 1/3 female. 
Silene inflata occurs in five forms: male, andromonoecious, hermaphro- 
ditic, gynomonoecious, and female plants. The females and hermaphro- 
dites are in excess. Correns (1904), working with the two latter forms, 
found that the hermaphrodite produced exclusively hermaphrodites, and 
that the females, when pollinated by the hermaphrodite, produced almost 
exclusively females. According to Correns, the female is dominant over 
the hermaphroditic tendency. 
In a later paper, Correns (1905) describes six classes of individuals in 
Satureja hortensis: 
I. Plants with normal hermaphroditic flowers. 
