GERMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO OF ZEA MAYS 45 1 
contains almost all the carbohydrates and protein of the kernel. Theoreti- 
cally, therefore, the slower germination of the embryos with endosperms 
removed is explained by the lack oi carbohydrates. Practically, however, 
while vigorous plants can be produced from embryos the endosperms of 
which have been removed, the fact is demonstrated that the small per- 
centage of protein and of carbohydrates which the embryo contains is 
sufficient to insure the germination and further development of the plants. 
We can not deny, however, that the presence of endosperms is bene- 
ficial in the process of germinatioti, as well as in the further development 
of the plants. 
LITERATURE 
1. Andronescu, D. I. The physiology of the pollen of Zea mats with special regard to 
vitality. Thesis, Univ. of 111. 1915. 
2. Bonnet, C. Recherches sur I'usage des feuilles dans les plantes et sur quelques autres 
sujets relatifs a I'histoire de la vegetation. Gottingen and Leyden. 1754. 
3. Brown, H. T., and Morris, G. H. Researches on the germination of some of the Gramin- 
eae. Journ. Chem. Soc. 57: 458. 1890. 
4. Collins, G. N. A drought-resisting adaptation in seedlings of Hopi maize. Journ. 
Agric. Res. 4: 293. 1914. 
5. Dubard, M., and Urbain, J. A. De I'influence de I'albumen sur de developpement 
de I'embryon. Compt. Rendu. 156: 1086. 1913. 
6. Gris, A. Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la germination. Ann. des 
Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 2:1. 1864. 
7. Hopkins, C. G. The structure of the corn kernel and the composition of its different 
parts. 111. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 87. 1903. 
8. Sachs, J. Physiologische Untersuchung iiber die Keimung der Schminkbohne (Phase- 
olus muUiflorus). Sitzungsber. Kaiser. Akad. Wiss, Wien. Math.-Natur. Kl. 37: 
57. 1859. 
9. Sargant, E., and Robinson. On some anatomical features of the scutellum in Zea 
mais. Rep. Ann. Meet. Brit. Assn. Southport, p. 860. 1903. 
10. , and Robertson, A. The anatomy of the scutellum in Zea mais. Annals of 
Botany 19: 115. 1905. 
11. , and Arber, A. The comparative morphology of the embryo and seedHng in the 
Gramineae. Annals of Botany 29: 161. 1915. 
12. StingI, G. Experimentelle Studie iiber die Ernahrung von pflanzlichen Embryonen. 
Flora 97: 308. 1907. 
13. Van Tieghem, P. Recherches physiologiques sur la germination. Ann. des Sci. 
Nat. V. Bot. 17: 205. 1873. 
14. . Sur la digestion de I'albumen. Ann. des Sci. Nat. VI. Bot. 4: 180. 1876. 
15. Worsdell, W. C. The morphology of the monocotyledonous embryo and of that of 
the grasses in particular. Annals of Botany 30: 509. 1916. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLI 
Fig. I. Zea indentala, Yellow Dent variety. Kernels, median longitudinal section. 
X 2}4. 
Fig. 2. Z. indentata, White Dent variety. Kernel after 10 hours' germination, fixed 
in alcohol; free-hand median longitudinal section, cleared in glycerine, mounted in glycerine- 
jelly. X2j4. 
