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BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 5, NO. 1. 
same as the average species of Lilium, and I have witnessed the 
visits of a butterfly, Argynnis cyhcle Fabr., to the flowers. I have 
often been on the lookout for visitors, but have seen the follow- 
ing only : 
A. Hymenoptera 
Andrenidse: (i) Halictus forbesii Rob., female, c. p.; (2) 
H. versatus Rob. female, c. p. 
B. Lepidoptera 
Rhopalocera: (3) Argynnis cyhele Fabr., s. 
Lilium umbellatum Pursh. Western red Lily. 
This lily occurs on the clay-bluffs along Lake Michigan 
together with Tofieldia glutinosa, the species considered previ- 
and its flowering period from June 20 to July 16 falls together 
with that of Tofieldia. In the specimens under observation each 
plant carried either one or two of the erect flowers measuring 
about 12 cm. across. The perianth-segments are directed laterally, 
and there is a slight recurving of the tips. Each of them becomes 
narrowed in the basal region, forming a so-called claw, the mar- 
gins of which are turned inward so as to meet each other and 
form a tube 2 cm. in length leading to the nectary at the base of 
the claw. There is a scanty supply of nectar, and no odor. The 
perianth-segments are red, changing to orange mixed with dark- 
brown' spots around the opening of the tube. The stamens reach 
a length of 7 cm., and in consequence of an outward movement 
the anthers form a circle of 2 cm. diameter around the stigma, 
the same as in Lilium Cauadcnse. Anthers and stigma are on the 
same level, and in the older flower the latter is carried to one side 
and often brought in touch with an anther. This leads to spon- 
taneous self-pollination. Whether this species is also self-sterile 
like the preceding one I am unable to state. In these homogamous 
flowers the filaments and style agree in color with the perianth- 
leaves, but the anthers and stigma are dark-brown and the pollen 
brownish-yellow. 
In favorable weather pollination is mostly due to the visits 
of butterflies, but pollen-collecting bees may also touch the stigma 
if they appear very shortly after the opening of the flower before 
the anthers have moved away from the stigma. The butterfly 
Argynnis cyhele Fabr. is the most frequent visitor. It settles down 
