JAN. 1907. 
WISCONSIN FLOWERS AND THEIR POLLINATION. 
19 
while in A. ccruuuni we have at the same time the latest and the 
more specialized flower with the nectar hidden at the bottom of a 
narrow tube. A. tricocciim is intermediate between the other two. 
The percentage of bees for the three species is as follows : 
A. C an ad e use 41% 
A. tricoccum 75% 
A. cernuuim 86% 
The reddish-purple color and the nodding position of the 
flowers of A. cernuiim together with the presence of a tube leading 
down to the nectar all suggest an adaptation to bees, and corre- 
spondingly we have a high percentage of bees attending them. 
The tube is rather short and this species seems to be transitional 
between the flowers with concealed nectar and typical bee-flowers. 
BEK-FLOWERS. 
They are eight in number, all of them with pendulous flowers, 
and they show a great difference in color, greenish, white, yellow 
and rose being represented. A glance at the table shows to what 
extent these flowers receive the attention of bees, other visitors 
being nearly excluded. The large flowers of Brythroniimi, 
Uvularia, Salomonia and Clintonia are bumble-bee flowers, while 
Asparagus officinalis and Streptopus rosciis may be regarded as 
adapted to the smaller bees. 
The visits of our humming bird to the flowers of Salomonia 
hifiora and S. conimiitata are noteworthy. Birds are known to be 
attracted especially by bright red colors, and in our region 
Castillcja cocciuca, Aqiiilegia Canadensis, Impatiens hifiora and 
Lobelia cardinalis are considered characteristic bird-flowers, but 
our humming bird (Trochilus eolubris L.) also visits various 
flowers of other color than red, and its presence at the green flow- 
ers of Salomonia seems to indicate that in this respect a tubular or 
similar structure of a flower is of as much importance as the 
color. 
BUTTERFLY-FLOWERS. 
The lilies of our region are undoubtedly adapted to butterflies, 
and Argynnis eybele one of our most common butterflies seems to 
be the most frequent visitor of both of the species. In these 
flowers a great quantity of pollen is produced by the large anthers, 
and this explains the comparatively frequent visits of pollen-col- 
lecting bees of the genera Augochlora and Halictus. 
