1907.] 
Graeniclier, PoUination of Wisconsin Floiuers. 
91 
uneven purplish disc, and the flowers are sHghtly sweet-scented. 
Insects crawhng around on them may effect either self or cross- 
pollination. Some of the flowers are directed upwards, while 
others assume a vertical position, and in the latter pollen may fall 
down on the stigma and cause spontaneous self-pollination. The 
only visitors I have been able to observe on the few plants met 
were with a small fly, Thcinira pufris L., (family Sepsidae), 
and a small parasitic wasp, Orthoccntriis nigricoxis Prov., 
(Tryphonin^). 
Ribes oxyacanthoides 3 . Xorthern g-ooseberry. 
In this species the greenish pendulous flower is campanulate. 
The dift'erent parts at the entrance, i. e., the calyx-lobes, petals, and 
long stamens are more or less divergent, and for this reason insects 
can easily gain access to the flower. The white petals are inserted 
near the upper margin of the calyx-tube, and in this region the 
latter measures 3 mm. across and is just as deep. The flowers are 
homogamous. From its middle on the style is divided into 2 long 
slender branches, and these gradually become divergent, and carry 
the stigmas a short dlistance past the anthers. There is hardly 
any possibility of the latter coming in contact with the stigmas, 
but spontaneous self-pollination due to the falling of pollen may 
take place in the drooping flower. Nectar is present at the bot- 
tom, and is to some extent hidden from view and protected by hairs 
on the lower part of the calyx-tube and the style. In some flowers 
round openings may be noticed in the wall of the calyx-tube near 
its base, and these are made by ants, arid enable the latter to steal 
nectar from the outside instead of proceeding along the natural 
route which is protected by hairs. The structure of these flowers 
and their pendulous position point to an adaptation to bees, and 
7 of the 9 visitors figuring in the following list are bees : 
A. Hymenoptera. 
Apidse : (i) Bomhiis consiinilis Cr., female, s. ; (2) B. 
affinis Cr., female, s. ; (3) B. ternarius Say., female, s. ; 
