92 
Bulletin Wisconsin Xatural History Society. [Vol. 5, No. 2. 
Andrenidae: (4) Andrena mihvaukecnsis Graen., female, s. ; 
(5) A. vidua Sm., female, s. ; (6) Halictus coriaccus Sm., female, 
s. and c. p.; (7) H. forbesii Rob., female, s. and c. p.; 
Eiimenidae: (8) Bumenes fratermis Say, s. 
B. Diptera. 
Syrphidse: (9) Mclanostoma obscurmn Say., f. p. 
Ribes Cynosbati L. "Wild gooseberry. 
There are usually 3 of the greenish campanulate flowers form- 
ing a small raceme only 3 cm. in length. The calyx-lobes are 
entirely reflexed, but the much smaller white petals are erect. At 
its entrance the flower has a diameter of 3 mm., it widens out 
somewhat below, and has a depth of 4 mm. The stamens arise 
from the calyx-tube a short distance below the petals and converge 
towards the style. The anthers form a ring around the style about 
mm. beyond the mouth of the flower, and, as a rule, the 
dark-green two-parted stigma surpasses the white anthers by at 
least I mm. But the style shows a tendency to variation, and in 
some plants the stigma hardly surpasses the anthers at all, thereby 
favoring spontaneous self-pollination in these homogamous 
flowers. Nectar is present at the bottom of the tube, a sweet odor 
is noticeable, and the laterally directed flowers are well visited by 
insects, mostly bees. Numerous hairs arising from the inner wall 
of the calyx-tube, as also from the style, serve to protect the 
nectar from unwelcome visitors, but so far as ants are concerned, 
I have on several occasions seen specimens of Creinastogaster 
Uneolata (Say) Emery and Formica fiisca L. var. siihsericca 
(Say) Emery force their way down to the nectar. Not rarely 
these ants also gain an entrance to the flower by biting a piece out 
of the calyx-wall, and Trelease (7) has seen the white-faced hor- 
net (Vespa maciilata L.) perforating these flowers in the same 
manner; although on other occasions he witnessed this insect 
(7) Wm. Trelease. Note on the Perforation of Flowers. Bull. 
Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, pp. 68-69 (1881). 
