[ 62 1 
development of one of the largest insects known, of Eurycnema 
herculattca. Beginning with the egg a series of young ones, of 
increasing sizes, is exhibited, and all of them are distinctly 
stick-like. They are grey in colour, have no wings and look 
like dried-up twigs. But suddenly when the insect has attained 
its full size and has cast its last skin, we see a totally different 
creature, of bright green colour and large wings. A similar 
insect is Heteropteryx grayiif 6% inches in length, of which a speci- 
men from the hills between Selangor and Pahang, from an eleva- 
tion of 3500 ft, is exhibited. The adult insect has quite a bulky 
body (see pi. XV, fig. i.) However, some Stick-Insects remain 
stick-like throughout life, like Phibahsoma cantoris It measures 
9H inches (see pi. X\^I, fig. l.) Some Stick-Insects are covered 
with spines, like Acanihoderus sp. (see pi XVI, fig. 5). 
Of true Leaf-Insects two beautiful species are exhibited, 
PhyUimn scythe^ from Bukit Tim ah, presented by Mr. Chye Tian 
Fook (see pi. XVI, fig. 3), and Phyllium siccifoliitm, from the same 
locality,, presented by Mr, T. C Loveridge. In these insects 
the body is broad and flat, the wings are green in colour and 
veined like a leaf, whilst the legs bear leaf-like expansions. 
Of Grasshoppers there is an abundance in the Malay 
region. They are divided into two groups. The Short-homed 
Grasshoppers (Acridudae) are distinguished by their short 
antennae and small and inconspicuous ovipositor. The Coffee- 
Locust {Cyrtacanthacris nigrovaria) is one of them. It is com- 
mon everywhere. Curious grasshoppers are the various species 
of Tryxalis in which the head is cone-like prolonged. — The 
Long-horned Grasshoppers (Locustidae) have long antennae and 
a long and sword-like ovipositor. Phyllophora citrifoUa, with its 
beautiful semi-transparent green wings, may serve as example. 
Well-known is the chirping sound produced by grasshoppers. 
In the Acriidae it is caused by their minutely spined hind-legs 
rubbing against the upper wings ; tn the Locust idae by the rub- 
bing of the upper wings against each other. 
The Crickets {GrylUdae) are distinguished by their 
rounded head, the long whip-like antennae and the thick and 
massive body. Their chirping is produced in the same way 
as in the Lccustidae. 
BUGS. CICADAS and LANTERNFLIES. 
(Rhynchota), 
The Rhynchota include insects which differ enormously 
in appearance, habits and attractiveness. Some of them» like 
