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tion. Scorpions have four pairs of book-leaf tracheae (lungs).— 
The largest of local species is Pahimnacus Imigimdntts of which a 
couple, obtained at Changi in 1896, is exhibited (see pi. XVII, 
fig. I). They were found under a log of wood, their usual 
habitat. Much smaller is Hormurus australasiae which has a 
short tail and short and stout pincers. Very slender forms, 
with long tail and long and thin pincers, are Archisomelnis 
(= Lychas) mucronatus and Isometrus maculatus, 
2. The Uropygi or Tailed Whip-Scorpions differ from 
the true Scorpions by a marked constriction between cepha- 
lothorax and abdomen, by the absence of pectines and poison 
glands, by their long and thread-like tai!, and by the second 
pair of appendages not ending in pincers, but in claws. The 
first pair of legs is long and slender and not used for locomotion, 
but as a tactile organ. The local species belong to Thelypftonus, 
Specimens of it have repeatedly been found in the Botanical 
Gardens under old logs of wood. 
3. The Amhlypygi or Tailless Whip-Scorpions are closely 
allied to the Uropygi and are often united with them into one 
order called ' Pedipalpi\ They are still more uncanny looking 
creatures than the former two orders. Their limbs are very 
long and beset with spines, and especially the first pair of legs 
is exceedingly slender and whip-like. Two species are exhi- 
bited, Phrymchus reniformis, from Chantaboon, Siam, presented 
in 1898 by Captain S. S. Flower, and Phrynichits charon. from 
Singapore, presented in 1900 by Master Willie Hocquard. 
Both Uropygi and Amblypygi have two pairs of book-leaf 
tracheae. 
4. The Solifugae or False Spiders are distributed over 
Southern Europe, Africa, the greater part of Southern Asia and 
America, but have apparently not yet been recorded from the 
Malay region. Galeodes is the typical genus of the order. 
5. No Paipigradj occur in this part of the world. They 
include only a single species from Southern Europe. 
6. The Araneae or True Spiders are by far the largest 
order of the class. Their first pair of appendages, or man- 
dibles, is provided with poison glands ; the second pair is never 
pincer-like, but are in the form of tactile palpi, resembling the 
legs, though much shorter as a rule. The third, fourth, fifth 
and sixth pairs of appendages are the legs. The abdomen is 
connected with the cephalothorax by a narrow stalk ( ' pedicel ') 
and bears a number of spinning mamillae. The body is 
usually covered with hairs and bristles, — Spiders exclusively live 
