I 69 1 
on other animab, chkfly insects, the blood of which they suck, 
but the way they obtain their prey differs greatly. Some 
spiders make no snares, but get then" prey by their own agility, 
by running or leaping ; others construct the most diversified 
webs in which their prey gets entangled, others again build 
ingenious traps, like the Trap-door Spiders. Those spiders 
which spin no webs, use the secretion of their spinning glands 
merely to line the lubes in which they live, or to make cocoons 
for the protection of their eg^?s. — In the first chief group, the 
Mesothelae, the abdomen is segmented and bears eight spinning 
mamSUae. There is only a single genus the type of which, 
Lif^Iitsiius dt'suiior, came from Penang. But it is not yet repre- 
sented in the Museum.— In the second group, the Opisthothelac, 
the abdomen is unsegmented. This group is again subdivided 
into two sections, the Mygahmorphae (or Tetrtipneunwnes), with 
vertically working mandibles, with four spinning mamillae and 
two pairs of book-leaf tracheae (or lungs), but without tubular 
tracheae; and the Arnchnomorphae (or Dipneumones)^ with hori- 
zontally working mandibles, with six spinning mamillae and 
one pair of book-leaf tracheae and tubular tracheae in addi- 
tion.— The Mygdhmorpkae contain the largest spiders. A huge 
specimen of a Bird-eating Spider {Pnecihthcria sp.), from Bukit 
Timah, is exhibited (see pi. XV i I, tig. 2). Flower records large 
dark brown and very hairy spiders from Penang Hill, which 
make burrows, sometimes a couple of feet deep, in the steep 
banks at the side of the hil! paths, and refers them to the spe- 
cies Caremiocnemis cunkulariiis^ The specimen from Penang 
Hill which is exhibited, probably belongs to this species, it 
was presented by Dr. G. D. Freer in 1899 who had caught it at 
the Belle Vue Bungalow. Still larger Bird-eating Spiders are to 
be found in tropical America where they are said to reach al- 
most a rat in size. These spiders do noft spin webs, but pursue 
their prey. They use their spinning glands merely to line the 
holes and tubes in which they live, with silky films. The Trap- 
door Spiders belong to the same group. 
The Arachnomorphae contain many more species than the 
former group and embrace most of the better-known spiders- 
A familiar species is Nephila maculata, a large spider, with long, 
cylindrical body and very long and slender legs. Its cephaio- 
thorax is black in colour, and the abdomen olive brown, mark- 
ed with yellow lines and spots. Resting in the midst of its 
web, made of yellow silk, it is a conspicuous object and is 
frequently seen on trees in gardens and in the jungle, also on 
