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J. L. WEIMER 
simulating that of a branch. To interpret correctly, especially in 
longitudinal sections, the enlarged and irregular base of the leaf trace 
(a mass of tissue sometimes even near its base partially broken up, 
and dividing soon into two masses, the larger upper one simulating a 
branch stele) serial sections are clearly absolutely essential. It is 
quite probable that Stewart has drawn his conclusions from individual 
sections. It is easy to see, further, how in this case a longitudinal 
section that is not quite median might lead to erroneous conclusions. 
Sanford describes exactly the same condition that the writer has 
found in numerous cases. The writer therefore concludes with the 
majority of investigators along this line that in most cases at least 
and probably in all cases the gall is foliar, and does not represent a 
transformed branch. 
G. GLOBOSUM 
There has been no controversy in regard to the origin of the gall 
produced by G. globosum. Heretofore most workers have assumed 
from the external appearance of the old galls that they originate in 
the stem. Farlow (1880) who first named this fungus states that 
unlike G. Juniperi-virginianae it does not break through the central 
part of the leaf, but bursts through the stem at the point of attach- 
ment of the leaves. Pammel (1905) states that the galls break through 
the stem where the leaf is attached. Kern (191 1) described the telial 
stage of this species, as being caulicolous. Stewart (19 15) gives an 
account of histological studies made which he interpreted as showing 
beyond a doubt that this cedar gall originates from the limb as has 
always been supposed. 
In order to make more careful observations on this subject a small 
cedar tree about four feet high and bearing numerous cedar apples 
was selected and all the galls removed early in April (1914) in order 
that they might not be confused with other galls appearing later. 
This tree was kept under close observation and on July 25 the 
first young gall was visible. No aecia were mature at this time. 
The young galls seemed to be composed of modified portions of leaf 
rather than stem tissue. These galls were tagged and their develop- 
ment followed throughout the summers of 1914 and 1915. They 
grew very slowly and in late autumn were not more than two milli- 
meters in diameter. The following spring (191 5) these cedar apples 
sporulated, thus showing that this fungus, like G. Juniperi-virginianae, 
requires nearly two years for the completion of its life cycle. 
