OSMOTIC CONCENTRATION OF TISSUE FLUIDS 287 
Table I 
Fundamental Averages for Blue Mountain Rain Forest 
Habitats and Constants 
Ligneous Plants 
Herbaceous Plants 
Ligneous and 
Herbaceous Plants 
Number 
Mean 
Number 
Mean 
N umber 
Mean 
I. Ruinate of leeward slopes: 
Freezing-point lowering 
40 
1.089 
17 
.812 
57 
1.007 
Osmotic concentration 
13-05 
9-77 
12.07 
II. Leeward ravines: 
Freezing-point lowering 
32 
.901 
13 
.628 
45 
.822 
Osmotic concentration 
10.83 
7-59 
9-89 
III. The ridge forest: 
Freezing-point lowering 
36 
.958 
8 
.718 
44 
.914 
11-54 
8.63 
II.OI 
IV. Windward ravines and slopes: 
Freezing-point lowering 
28 
.805 
15 
.627 
43 
•743 
9-73 
7-52 
8.96 
I-IV. All species: _ 
Freezing-point lowering 
136 
.952 
53 
.700 
189 
.881 
Osmotic concentration 
11.44 
8.80 
10.59 
These are the fundamental constants upon which much of the 
following discussion must be based. 
Comparison of Ligneous and Herbaceous Growth Forms. — ^The justi- 
fication for the division of the determinations into those for herbaceous 
and those for ligneous plants is clearly brought out by Table I. For 
each habitat studied the freezing point lowering is on the average 
lower for the herbaceous than for the ligneous plants. The actual 
differences in terms of atmospheres are given in Table IL 
Table II 
Comparison of Osmotic Concentration of Herbaceous and Ligneous Growth Forms 
Growth Form 
Ruinate of 
the Leeward 
Slopes 
I,eeward 
Ravines 
Ridge 
Forest 
Windward 
Slopes and 
Ravines 
All 
Habitats 
All species 
Ligneous species 
Herbaceous species 
12.07 
13-05 
9-77 
9.89 
10.83 
7-59 
II.OI 
11-54 
8.63 
8.96 
9-73 
7-52 
10.59 
11.44 
8.80 
Difference 
Percentage difference 
3.28 
25-13 
3-24 
29.92 
2.91 
25.22 
2.21 
22.71 
2.64 
23-08 
Thus the difference in the concentration of the sap of ligneous and 
herbaceous plants is from about 23 to about 30 percent of the higher 
value, that for ligneous forms. 
Comparison of Habitats in the Blue Mountain Region. — Turning 
