ENDOTHIA PIGMENTS 
343 
E. gyrosa, E. singularis, and E. parasitica, stromata on beech, chaparral 
oak, and chestnut respectively. These curves are the same type as 
that obtained for E. tropicalis, but in the case of the extracts from 
E. gyrosa and E. singularis considerably more light was transmitted 
in the longer wave-lengths. 
The chief difference between these two groups, as shown in figures 
4 and 5 is in the percentage of violet and blue light transmitted by the 
extracts. 
In the foregoing pages it has been shown that there were three 
types of curves of the percentage of spectral transmission in the acidi- 
fied alcoholic extracts of these seven species of fungi. This fact 
seemed to indicate the presence of several different pigments in the 
cultures. The differences in spectral transmission might of course 
be due either to the presence of different pigments, or to the presence 
of the same pigments in different proportions. Investigations were 
accordingly carried out to see if there was any common pigment and 
to determine if possible the presence of other pigments. As it was 
hardly possible to investigate carefully the pigments formed by all 
the species, forms typical of the three groups were chosen for study. 
Those selected were E. parasitica as a type of group I, E. fluens from 
group II and E. tropicalis from group III. 
The fungi were grown on rice in Erlenmeyer flasks until the medium 
was well covered with mycelium and showed a considerable amount of 
color. This usually required from three to six weeks. The culture 
medium and mycelium were then removed from the flasks and dried 
at a temperature of about 60° C. The dried mass was ground, placed 
in a percolating funnel and extracted with cold neutral alcohol. The 
extract thus obtained was concentrated under reduced pressure until 
nearly all the alcohol was driven off. The residue was washed into 
a precipitation jar with water and from 10 to 15 volumes of water 
added. A reddish yellow precipitate resulted. This precipitate was 
collected on a filter and extracted with ether until the solvent came 
through nearly colorless. It was noticeable that a residue always 
remained on the filter and was especially large in the preparation 
from E. fluens. The ether extract was concentrated and four volumes 
of petroleum ether added to it. A yellow amorphous precipitate of 
pigment settled out. This pigment was separated by filtration, dried, 
redissolved in ether and precipitated out with petroleum ether. 
Pigments were obtained from all three fungi which, judged by their 
