PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF MANOA VALLEY, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS 567 
recorded a daily rainfall of .20 inch. This would be equivalent to 
an annual precipitation of about 73 inches, a figure somewhat lower 
than the general average for the rain-forest. 
Shreve^ gives the annual rainfall for three stations in the Jamaica 
rain-forest as 105.70, 113.85, and 168.02 inches respectively. This 
corresponds closely with records for the Hawaiian rain-forests, as 
does his statement that "there is no other form of precipitation than 
rain, hail and snow being unknown, although the former occurs at 
Fig. 4. A^iew of Manoa Valle\', from a lateral ridge. Shows plainly the lower floor, 
talus zone, wall and eastern foot hill, /' 
rare intervals in the lowlands. The frequency of showers too light 
to register o.oi inch is high, and they are not without influence on 
vegetation. Although the number of rainy 'days is high and the 
frequency of light showers is high, yet the bulk of the annual rainfall 
is registered during the prolonged downpours. . . . Dew is formed' 
abundantly in open situations on clear nights at all seasons of the 
year." 
^ Shreve, Forrest, A Montane Rain-Forest. Carnegie Institution of Washing- 
ton, 1914. 
