582 
VAUGHAN MACCAUGHEY 
hills. The eastern one is so rocky and rugged that it is untillable, 
and is used only as cattle land. The steeper slopes are covered with 
various introduced weeds, which have been enumerated. The Round- 
top foothill, on the contrary, is rich volcanic ash, thoroughly drained, 
easily cultivated, and giving high yields of such crops as sweet potatoes, 
papaias, onions, carrots, and various other garden vegetables. There 
are many little garden patches on the upper slopes of Roundtop, 
cultivated by Portuguese, Hawaiians, Orientals, and others. The 
lower slopes are occupied by residences. 
The outstanding .ecological characteristics of the foothill region are: 
J. A strong tendency toward xerophytism, indicated by the presence 
of many xerophytes and semi-xerophytes. 
2. Brilliant insolation, due to the fact that the foothills lie seaward of 
the mountain cloud-cap, and under a sky which is largely cloudless. 
3. Exposure to the winds, both trade and kona. owing to the smooth 
topography. 
4. No surface water, except during and immediately after rains. 
5. Topography has permitted wild live stock to overrun the foothills 
and to exterminate most of the native vegetation. 
6. Invasion by a great variety of foreign- weeds, the woody or her- 
baceous woody type being dominant. 
10. PLANTS OF THE FOOTHILL AND ITS WALLS 
Most of the plants which occur upon the foothill and its walls 
also occur on the valley floor ; they are chiefly naturalized xerophy tic 
ruderals. 
Group L Endemic 
Cassia Gaiidichaudii Hook. & 
Arn SF 
Chenopodium Sandwicheum Moq. .HSF 
Lepidium Oahuense Cham. & 
Schl HPF 
Lipochaeta connata DC. var. 
decurrens Hillebr HPSR 
Nama Sandwicensis Gray HF 
Neraudia melastomaefolia Gray . .SF 
Phyllanthus Sandwicensis 
Mueller SR 
Reynoldsia Sandwicensis Gray . . . AR 
Scaevola Gaudichaudii Hook. & 
Arn SR 
Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. . . .SF 
Group II. Indigenous 
Andropogon contortus Roem. & 
Schult HPF 
Boerhaavia diffusa L HSF 
Chrysopogon aciculatus Trin HPC 
Cyperus polysiachys Rottb HPR 
Daucus pusillus Michx HR 
Dracaena aurea Mann AR 
Euphorbia cordata Meyen HPF 
Gnaphalium luteo-album L HF 
" purpureumh HR 
Ipomoea pentaphylla Jacq H VF 
" tuber culata Roem. & 
Schult HPVF 
Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Lindl. . . S VF 
