NO. 1 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA 99 
By the middle of the 15th century, however, regional confedera- 
tions, the histories of which are only dimly discerned, had aligned 
themselves. In the final conquest of the great area from northern 
Ecuador to central Chile by the Inca, the Colla Confederacy of the 
Indians of the Titicaca Basin gave the Inca their greatest difficulty. 
The achievement of the Inca in holding such an empire for as long as 
they did was a remarkable one, but one that in the long history of 
struggle for control of the relatively tiny, highly productive areas, was 
doomed to succumb to renewed political rivalry. The Spaniards, ap- 
pearing at a crucial point in the conflict for succession to the throne 
of the Inca, could hardly have picked a more opportune time. 
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