TABLE 2 
NORTHERN 
MEXICO 
PANAMA 
Santa Maria 
ca. A.D. 300) 
Very late 
pre-Conquest 
Code (inferred) 
(A.D. 500) 
Santa Maria 
(inferred) 
SUBSISTENCE (continued): 
Agriculture: Primary food source ca. A.D. 500 Early Village Cuadros & Chiapa I Zoned Bichrome 
Formative (A.D. 1—300) 
Agriculture: Irrigation ca. A.D. 500? • 
Agriculture: Terracing ca. A.D. 900? Urban Formative Tepeu 
Plant remains: Cotton ca. A.D. 900? Urban Formative Ocos (inferred) 
(850—750 B.C.) 
Plant remains: Maize ca. A.D. 1? CoxcatlSn Chiapa I, & Cuadros — 
(3000 B.C.) 
Manioc Village Formative? — 
HUNTING AND WARFARE: 
Stone projectile points Preceramic Preagricultural Archaic Palo Bianco 
AtlatI Preceramic Preagricultural Archaic — 
Bow Preceramic Regional Developmental: Late Post Classic 
Early Militaristic (A.D. 1200—1520) 
Stone club heads Regional Developmental: Early Polychrome 
Early Militaristic 
COMMUNITY PATTERN: 
Central based wandering Preceramic Preagricultural Archaic 
Semipermanent sedentary Preceramic? Early Incipient Archaic 
Agricultural 
Simple nuclear centered AltaVista Urban Formative Cuadros & Chiapa I Catalina 
Advanced nuclear centered Ayala & Buena Fe Regional Developmental: Late Formative 
Early Theocratic (300 B.C.— A.D. 300) 
Supranuclear integrated Rio Tunal & Regional Developmental: Toltec-Chichen Itza 
Paquime Late Militaristic (A.D. 970—1170) 
METALLURGY: 
Gold Regional Developmental: Early Post Classic Late Polychrome? Venado Beach 
Early Militaristic 
Silver — Regional Developmental: — Late Polychrome? — 
Late Militaristic 
Copper Rincon-Sacaton Regional Developmental: Early Post Classic Late Polychrome? 
Early Militaristic 
Bronze — — 
Lead Early Post Classic 
Platinum — — 
Technique: Casting (Cire Perdue) Post A.D. 950 Regional Developmental: Toltec-Chichen Itza Late Polychrome 
Late Militaristic 
Smelting Post A.D. 950 Regional Developmental: Early Post Classic Late Polychrome 
Late Militaristic 
Alloying Regional Developmental: Toltec-Chichen Itza Late Polychrome 
Late Militaristic (copper-lead) 
Repousee Paquime Early Post Classic Late Polychrome 
(ca. A.D. 1200) 
Hammering Post A.D. 950 Regional Developmental: Early Post Classic Late Polychrome 
Late Militaristic 
Gilding ? Early Post Classic Late Polychrome 
Plating — — 
MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE: 
Ingots Paquime 
Copper axe-money Regional Developmental: 
Late Militaristic 
Other Gold dust, cacao, 
quetzal feathers 
Regional Developmental: 
Late Militaristic 
STAMPS OR SEALS: 
Material: Pottery Yebalito and Early Conchas, Las Charcas Matapalo 
Chalchihuites Village Formative 
Material: Wood 
Form: Cylindrical Yebalito and Early Conchas Matapalo 
Chalchihuites Village Formative 
Western Panamz 
(post A.D. 1) 
Parita Bay 
Cerro Mangote? 
Santa Maria 
Code 
Code 
Code 
Code 
Code 
(copper-gold) 
Code 
Code 
Code 
Code 
Code 
Code 
