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VII. STUDIES OF ALGAE AND FUNGI. 
1. Spirogyra — habitat, structure, life-history. 
* 2. Yeast — cultivation, structure, reproduction, economic 
importance. 
* 3. Bread-mold — development, Iife-C3^cle, structure. 
4. Bacteria — of air, water, milk ; pathogenic forms ; forms of 
industrial value. 
5. Marine algae — location, kinds, gross structure, colors, 
uses. 
* 6. Toadstool or mushroom — habitat, structure, life-cycle, 
uses. 
7. Lichen — habitat, structure, life-history, symbiosis. 
VIII. STUDIES OF MOSSES AND FERNS. 
1. Peat and sphagnum bogs ; formation of coal ; fossil plants. 
* 2. A moss plant — general structure, reproduction, life cycle. 
"^3. A fern plant — ^general structure, reproduction ; life cycle. 
* 4. Tree fern forests of Hawaii. 
5. Fern-houses; care of ferns. 
IX. STUDIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS. 
1. Classification of flowering plants. 
2. The monkey-pod tree or the hala tree — crown, leaves, 
flowers, fruit. 
* 3. Taro plant — corm, leaves, bud, flowers, life cycle. 
* 4. Coconut palm — trunk, leaves, flower, fruit; compare with 
other palms. 
5. Carnation, lily, or geranium — cultivation, flowers, vari- 
eties, diseases. 
* 6. Sugar-cane — cultivation, stem, sap, flowers, varieties, in- 
sect enemies and diseases ; relations to soil and moisture. 
7. Important plants of Hawaii — indigenous ; brought in by 
ancient Hawaiians ; brought in since 1778. 
Individual work with the compound microscope is not recom- 
mended ; although the laboratory should have one or two good 
instruments for demonstration work. Emphasis should be upon 
gross structure, with special reference to function. 
"Experiments with Plants," by Osterhaut (Macmillan Co.), is 
highly recommended as an aid in this course. 
Whenever feasible the plants should be studied out of doors, . 
under natural conditions. Field trips to gardens, nurseries, etc., 
are of great value, if well planned. The teacher will need to 
make out special outlines, to meet local conditions. 
Thorough drill should be given in the correct oral and written 
presentation of im.portant subject-matter. The field and labora- 
tory work should include the making of simple drawings of im- 
portant structures. All field and laboratory work should be care- 
fully recorded, and all drawings should be carefully labeled. 
