36 
wanting at the inferior base of the lowest pair of pinnae, pinnules {i. e., pinnules in the upper portion of the fronds and secondary pin- 
nules below) divided one-third to three-fourths down to the costa, apices of the segments very broad, obtuse, crenated, each of the upper 
segments generally bearing one sorus at the apex of the superior veinlet, the lower segments of the pinnules being generally barren— rachises, 
costa and costules densely clothed (especially above) with reddish brown ferruginous pubescence, veins above covered with long ferrugi- 
nous hairs, below slightly pubescent or glabrous— indusium, reniform, large glabrous, generally persistent. 
Nilgiris, in Sholas on the Koondahs on the road between Avalanche and Sisparah. 
PLATE No. C. 
7. Lastrea aristata. (lloore ;) Caudex long, stout, creeping densely crinite with long subulate ferruginous scales, stipites dis- 
tant a span to a foot and 2 feet long, the base copiously crinite (as in the caudex below) the rest and the rachises partially and sparsely 
setoso-paleaceous, fronds a span to 2 feet long, deltoideo-ovate, suddenly acuminate 3-4 pinnate, more or less coriaceo-membranaceous 
glossy ; primary pinna; all petiolate, lanceolate finely acuminate, lowest primary ones with the basal secondary pinn« very much elongated 
(hence the frond is pedate) and again once or twice pinnated, sub-falcate, sub-auriculate, mostly niucronato-serrate ; sori generally in 
2 rows on each pinnule, involucres rather small, reniform. Hook., Sp. Fil. iv, 27. — Polypodium aristatum, Forst. — Aspidium aristatum Sw. 
Syii. Fil., pp. 53— var ^. coniifoiia— fronds larger below 4 pinnate, pinnules generally larger and more lax.— Aspidium coniifolium Wall. 
Cat. n. 341. — Aspidium palmipes, Kunze in Linncca. xxiv, 287. — Aspidium carnuifolium, Kunze in Linnxa, p. 292. 
Nilgiris — Pulneys — Anainallays and all mountainous tracts on the Western side of the presidency — very common. 
PLATE No. CI. (Fujure A. is the upjxr portion of one of the pinnce of a frond of variety, /3. coniifoiia, a more compound 
and larger variety.) 
8. Lastrea memhranifolia, (Presl. ;) Caudex a thick, erect I'hizome with black subulate scales, stipites tufted a span to a foot 
or more long, firm, membranaceous, dark-green, deltoid ovate somewhat 5-angled, acuminate, primary pinnse 3-6 inches long, inches 
broad, middle ones sessile deeply pinnatifid, uppermost ones coadunate into a deeply pinnatfid apex with more or less entire segments 
lower ones more compound and petiolate, lowest pair the largest half-ovate acuminate, the lowest basal pinnas the longest and deflexed 
secondary pinna; and pinnules resembling the middle pinnte similarly pinnatifid with oblong sub-acute and slightly falcate, large spreadin cr 
lobes often an inch long and J of an inch wide, veins pinnated all free, veinlets simple or forked, sori in general forming a single series 
close to and chiefly upon the lobes or segments rarely on the disk and then scattered, involucres rather small reniform. — Hook. Sp. Fil. iv 
131. — Nephrodium membranifolium. Hook. — Lastrea paradoxa, Moore. — Aspidium fuscipes. Wall. Cat. a. 361. — Aspidium sagenioides 
Metten. Aspid.,p.1QQ. 
Nilgiris— Sisparah and Carcoor ghats — Wynaad — Anamallays. 
PLATE No. CIL 
9. Lastrea sparsa. (Moore ;) Caudex short, erect, stout, densely rooting below, paleaceous with copious ovate acuminate scales 
above ; stipites tufted a span to 1-2 feet long, more or less scaly as is the rachis, fronds l-li foot long, sub-coriaceous ovate acuminate, 
bi-tri-pinnate, primary pinnje 3-5-6 inches long, distant much petiolate, ovate or oblong-acuminate, secondary ones ovate or ovato-oblong, 
obtuse, petiolate, those above the middle of the frond sub-obliquely rhomboid cuueate, at the base all more or less pinnatifid especially in 
the lower half with rounded obtuse entire lobes, superior basal segment generally the largest, hence sub-auriculate, ultimate pinnules (when 
tri-pinnate) of the same character, veinlets simple or mostly forked, sori rather irregular nearer the costule than the margin, involucres 
rather large, persistent, reniform. Hook., Sp. Fil. iv, 132. — Nephrodium purpurescens. Hooker. — Aspidium sparsum, Spr. — Aspidium 
densum. Wall. Cat. ?i. 290. — Aspidium purpurescens, £1. En. Fil. Jav., p. 169.— Aspid. nitidulum, Wall. Cat. n. 392. — Asp. Weiglianum, 
Kze. in Linnaa xxiv, p. 284.— Asp. catophoron, Kze. Lot. Zeit. vi, p. 262. 
A common fern in most mountainous tracts on the Western side of the presidency. 
PLATE No. cm. 
10. Lastrea deparioides (Hook. ;) Stipes slender, 1-H foot long, very paleaceous below with large lanceolato-subulate brown 
scales, fronds 2 feet long, ovato-acuminate, membranaceous glabrous, bi-pinnate, primary pinnse 4-5 inches Jong, broad-lanceolate, petiolate, 
