212 
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 
Refekences and Bibliography. 
1670. Geimm.— Quoted by Friend, 1893. 
lYTl. Flaugbrgues. — " Lettre sur le phosphorisme de vers de terre" ' Journ. de Phys.,' 
t. 16 (1771), p. 311. 
1792. Brugiere.— " Sur la qualite phosphorique du ver de terre dans certain circon- 
stances," ' Journ. d'Hist. nat./ t. 2, p. 267. 
1831. Stein, F. V. — ''Ueber einen nenen das leuchten der ostsee bedingenden leben- 
den Korper," ' Paggendorff 's Ann. d. Pliys. u. Chem.,' Bd. 33, p. 410 (1831). 
1837. DuGES, Ant. — "Lumbricus phosphoreus," 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 17,24. 
1838. EvERSMANN. — " Lumbricus noctilucus," ' Utchen. Zapiski. Kazan. Univ.,' 1838, 
pp. 156-157 (Eussian). 
1843. Allman showed at Cork meeting of British Association luminous earthworm 
from bogs of South of Ireland, ' Report of British Association,' 1843, p. 76. 
1853. Cox showed luminous earthworm at a meeting of Lit. and Phil. Soc, Liverpool. 
' Proc.,' No. viii, p. 57. 
1864. Owsiannikow, Ph. — "Ueber das Leuchten der Larven von Lamp-j/ris noctiluca," 
' Bull. acad. imp. sc. St. Petersbourg,' t. 7, p. 55. 
1872. Secchi. — 'Nouv. observ. Ann. Sc. Nat.,' ser. 5, vol. xvi, 1872. 
1873. CoHN. — "Leuchtende Regenwurmer," ' Zeitschrift fiir Wiss. Zool.,' vol. xxiii, 
pp. 459-461. 
1875. Panceri, p. — " La luce e gli organi luminosi annalidi," ' Atti. della R. Accad. d. 
Sc. fis. e nat.,' vol. 7, No. 1. 
1884. Vejdovskt. — 'System u. Morphologie der Oligochaeten. Prag.' 
1887. GiARD. — "Photodrilus phosphorous," C. E. ac. sc./ vol. 105, p. 872. 
Harker. — " On a Luminous Oligochaete (Enchytraeus)," 'Eep. Brit. Ass.,' 1887, 
p. 767. 
Atkinson, G. F. — '• A Eemarkable Case of Phosphorescence in an Earthworm," 
'American Naturalist,' vol. xxi, pp. 773-774. 
1891. Barrois, Th. — "Sur le presence de Lumbricus (Photodrilus) pliosp'horeus,'Duges, 
a Groffliers (Pas de Calais)," 'Eev. biol. Nord France,' t. 3, No. 3. pp. 117-119. 
1893. Matzdorpf. — " In Berlin aufgefundene leuchtende Eegenwiirmer," ' Sitzb. d. 
Ges. Naturf. Freunde,' 1893, pp. 19-23 (gives synopsis of previous records). 
Friend, H. — "Luminous Earthworms," 'Nature,' vol. 47, 1893, p. 462. 
1897. "Earthworm Studies: Phosphorescence and Luminosity," ' The Zoolo- 
gist,' July 15th, 1897, vol. i. No. 7, p. 304. ^ 
1903. Haupt, H. — "Leuchtende Organismen," 'Naturwiss. Wochenschr.,' 1903, p. 65. 
1910. Mangold. — " Die Produktion von Licht," ' Handbuch der vergleichenden 
Physiologie.' 
1914. Friend, H.— "Annelid Luminosity in Nottingham," ' Tr. Nat. Soc.,' 1912-13 
(1914). 
1916. Dahlgren, U. — " The Production of Light by Animals," ' Journ. Franklin Inst.,' 
vol. 181, No. 5. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIY. 
pig. 
1. Light produced from earthworm placed on photographic plate. 
2. Light produced from earthworm held stationary between two photographic plates. 
3. Light produced from earthworm compressed between two photographic plates. 
